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Mutations
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Trisomy 21 | Downs; almond-shaped eyes, flattened face, short |
| Trisomy 18 | Edward; facial abnormalities, extreme muscle tone, early death |
| Trisomy 13 | Patau; organ defects, large triangular nose, early death |
| XXY | Kleinefetter; sexual immaturity, breast swelling |
| XYY | Jacob; typically no symptoms, some are taller |
| XXX | Triple X; tall and thin, menstrual irregularity |
| XO | Turner; short stature, sexually underdeveloped |
| Autosomal Dominant | males + females are equally likely to be affected; traits do not skip generations |
| Autosomal Recessive | males + females are equally likely to be affected; may skip a generation; parents may be unaffected |
| X-Linked Dominant | all daughters of an affected father will be affected; no father --> son transmission |
| X-Linked Recession | affects more males than females, no father --> son transmission |
| Y-Linked | all sons of an affected father will be affected |