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Unit Six Vocab Cards

DNA and Cellular Replication

TermDefinition
Chromosome A segment of DNA that is tightly coiled
DNA An organisms genetic material
DNA Bases The "rungs of the ladder of DNA", consist of adenine, cytosine, thymine, and guanine
Codon Set of three DNA bases, codes for one amino acid
Gene a section of a chromosome that has genetic information for one trait
Point Mutation when one base pair is replaced with another
Insertion Mutation when a base pair is added to a string of DNA
DNA Replication the process of copying a DNA molecule to make another DNA molecule
Protein Synthesis process of making proteins from a gene
Transcription the process of making RNA from a DNA molecule
RNA a copy of DNA that is allowed to leave the nucleus
Translation the process of making a protein from RNA
Amino Acid a set of three bases codes for this, they link together to form a protein
Cell Division the division of cells that results in two new cells
Diploid a cell with the full amount of genetic material (N)
Haploid a cell with half the amount of genetic material (N)
Mitosis process of cell division used by eukaryotes
Meiosis consists of two cell divisions, used to make egg and sperm cells
Binary Fission process of cell division by prokaryotes
Deletion Mutation when a base has been removed from a strand of DNA
Created by: hnoerenberg
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