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Chapter 9 Vocab

Chapter 9: Frontiers of Biotechnology

TermDefinition
Restriction Enzyme enzymes that cut DNA molecules when they identify specific nucleotide sequences
Gel electrophoresis electrical current is used to separate a mixture of DNA fragments from each other
Restriction map show the lengths of DNA fragments between restriction sites in a strand of DNA
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) a technique that produces millions- or even billions- of copies of a specific DNA sequence in just a few hours
Primer a short segment of DNA that acts as the starting point for a new strand
DNA Fingerprinting a representation of parts of an individual’s DNA that can be used to identify a person at the molecular level
Clone a genetically identical copy of a gene or of an organism
Genetic Engineering changing of an organism’s DNA to give the organism new traits
Recombinant DNA DNA that contains genes from more than one organism
Plasmid closed loops of DNA that are separate from the bacterial chromosomes and that replicate on their own within the cell.
Transgenic organism that has one or more genes from another organism inserted into its genome.
Gene knockout made by disrupting the function of a gene
Genomics the study of genomes, which can include the sequencing of all an organism’s DNA
Gene sequencing determining the order of DNA nucleotides in gens or in genomes
Human Genome Project has goals to map the sequence of all the DNA base pairs of the human chromosomes and identify all the genes within the sequence
Bioinformatics the use of computer databases to organize and analyze biological data
DNA microarray tools that allow scientists to study many genes, and their expression, at once.
Proteomics the study and comparison of all the proteins that result from an organism’s genome
Genetic Screening the process of testing DNA to determine a person's risk of having or passing on a genetic disorder
Gene therapy the replacement of a defective or missing gene, or the addition of a new gene, into a person’s genome to treat a disease.
Created by: SavanahT
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