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All About DNA

What is DNA? the short form of deoxyribonucleic acid. It contains your genetic information and located in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
What is chromosome? a thread like structure containing DNA and proteins. It is located in the nucleus of most cells in our body – subdivided into genes.
What is Genes? A short length of DNA which contains information that determines your unique traits, located on the chromosome.
What is Traits? a distinguishing characteristic of an individual, determined by the genes in your DNA.
What is Heredity? the passing down of genetic traits from biological parents to their offspring
What is Karyotype? an individual’s complete set of chromosomes
What is the structure of DNA? DNA is in a double stranded molecule, which is structured in a double helix shape.
What components (3) make up nucleotides? Deoxyribose sugar, Phosphate, Nitrogenic base (will differ per strand)
What components (4) make up nitrogenic bases? Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
Which nitrogenic bases (2) form two hydrogen bonds? Adenine bonds with Thymine and forms two hydrogen bonds
Which nitrogenic bases (2) form three hydrogen bonds? Cytosine bonds with Guanine and forms three hydrogen bonds
What is a Primer? A short single-stranded nucleic acid used for DNA replication.
What is DNA Replication? The process of a cell making an identical copy of its DNA.
What is Stage One of DNA Replication? DNA is unwounded and unzipped. The helix structure is untwisted and Helicase molecules breaks the weak hydrogen bonds between bases.
What is Stage Two of DNA Replication? DNA Polymerase adds new complementary nucleotide bases to the primer to allow the new DNA strand to form.
What is Stage Three of DNA Replication? The two new DNA strands twists to form a double helix. Identical DNA molecules is created.
What is Helicase? The enzyme which indicates the splitting of double DNA strand during DNA replication.
Created by: Bennyzz
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