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DHYG pharmacology
pharm for Nat Board Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The study of drugs and their effects on living organisms | Pharmocolgy |
| what the body does in response to the drugs (e.g., absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) is called? | Pharmacokinetics |
| amount of drug (e.g., in milligrams) needed to produce an effect; the more potent an agent is, the lower the dose needed to produce an effect | Potentcy |
| desired effect elicited by drug, independent of dose | Efficacy |
| Side effects fall under the category of adverse reactions, T or F | True |
| effect on an organ other than that intended to be altered (e.g., insomnia resulting from a bronchodilator); dose-related and often predictable | side effect |
| varies from mild rash to anaphylaxis; involves an antigen–antibody reaction (e.g., rash from penicillin); can include urticaria, soft-tissue swelling, and difficulty in breathing; not predictable and not dose-related | allergic reaction |
| Drug has an affinity for a receptor site and binds to it but produces no effect; competitively blocks the effect of the agonist | Antagonist |
| Drug has an affinity for a receptor site and binds to it producing an effect. | Agonist |
| The neurotransmitter for the Parasympathetic Nervous System (PANS) is ? | acetylcholine |
| The neurotransmitter for the Sympathetic Nervous System (SANS) is | adrenalin/epinephrine |
| Which part of the nervous system is active when the body is at ease? | parasympathetic |
| which part of the nervous system is active when the body is experiencing "fight or flight'? | sympathetic |
| drugs that imitate which neurotransmitter are known as parasympathomimetic or cholinergic drugs (P+) | acetylcholine |
| drugs that block or inhibit acetylcholine (P-) are known as what kind of drugs? | anticholinergic |
| The 2 types of receptors in the PANS are | muscarinic, nicotinic |
| drugs that imitate(SANS+) epinephrine are known as ? | sympathomimetic or adrenergic drugs |
| drugs that block or inhibit epinephrine (SANS-)are known as | sympatholytic or antiadrenergic drugs |
| what are the 2 types of receptors for the SANS | alpha and beta |
| Beta receptors of the SANS divide into 2 subclasses, what are they and what do they effect? | Beta 1 = heart, Beta 2= lungs and other tissues |
| Which receptor of the SANS is involved in the contraction of smooth muscle vasoconstriction? | Alpha |
| Which receptor of the SANS inhibits contraction, causing vasodialation? | Beta |
| In the blood vessels both alpha and beta receptors are present, however which receptors predominates? | Alpha |
| Which receptor of the SANS would you use to stimulate lower blood pressure | beta 1 |
| which receptor of the SANS would you use to stimulate higher blood pressure? | beta 1, because a positive effect can increase the heart rate and a negative will decrease the heart rate. |
| Beta stimulation in the lungs results in? | Bronchodialation |
| Beta stimulation in the lungs results in? | Bronchodialation |
| A Cholinergic drug acts like acetlycholine (PANS)what are the general adverse effect of these drugs? | SLUD (salivation, lacrimation, urination, defacation) |
| A Cholinergic drug acts like acetlycholine (PANS)what are the general adverse effect of these drugs? | SLUD (salivation, lacrimation, urination, defacation) |
| If you needed to dry someone up name one drug you could give. | Atropine |
| If you needed to dry someone up name one drug you could give. | Atropine |
| For someone who had xerostomia or urinary retention what class of drug would you give? | Cholinergic - Xerostomia ie saligen |
| For someone who had xerostomia or urinary retention what class of drug would you give? | Cholinergic - Xerostomia ie saligen |
| A patient is going in for surgery and the surgeon wants to decrease salivary flow, urine flow etc...what class of drug does he/she give? | Anticholinergic such as Atropine |
| Scopolamine is a drug like atropine used to treat travel sickness (vomiting) what are the main side effect? | sedation, xerostomia and xeropathalmia (or dry eyes) |
| A patient is going in for surgery and the surgeon wants to decrease salivary flow, urine flow etc...what class of drug does he/she give? | Anticholinergic such as Atropine |
| Scopolamine is a drug like atropine used to treat travel sickness (vomiting) what are the main side effect? | sedation, xerostomia and xeropathalmia (or dry eyes) |
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aheflin
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