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Dental Science
Chapter 18 Microbiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| two major oral diseases that are bacterial infections are? | dental caries and periodontitis |
| why is microbiology important to dental assistants? | to understand the nature of pathogens and know how to prevent the transmission of disease in the dental office |
| who discovered that some bacteria existed in 2 forms? | John Tyndall |
| who believed that life arose from muck, decaying food, warm rain or dirty shirts? | Aristotle |
| who was the first to recognize the role of airborne microorganisms in post surgical infections? | Joseph Lister |
| who developed a two-part dish for growing bacteria and a technique for isolating pure colonies of bacteria? | Robert Koch |
| Petri plates, dishes used to isolate bacterial colonies were named after? | Julius Petri |
| who is the "Father of microbiology" that developed the process of pasteurization and discovered the 1st vaccine for rabies? | Louis Pasteur |
| Major groups of microorganisms? | bacteria, rickettsiae, algae, protozoa, fungi, prions, viruses |
| A large group of one-celled microorganisms that varies in shape, size, and arrangement is? | Bacteria |
| Skin, respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract are inhabited by a great variety of harmless bacteria called? | Normal Flora |
| Shapes of Bacteria are? | sphere (coccus), rod (bacillus) and spiral (spirillum) |
| Cocci that form irregular groups or clusters are called? | Staphylococci |
| who developed a four-step staining process for separating bacteria into 2 groups? | Hans Christian Gram |
| Bacteria stained by the dye are classified as? | Gram positive |
| Bacteria that are not consistently stained are classified as? | Gram variable |
| Gram staining requires the sequential use of? | crystal violet dye iodine solution alcohol solution safranin |
| A variety of bacteria that require oxygen to grow are called? | Aerobes |
| Bacteria that grow in the absence of oxygen and are destroyed by oxygen are called? | Anaerobes |
| Organisms that can grow in the presence or the absence of oxygen are called? | Facultative anaerobes |
| Most resistant form of life , can survive extremes of heat and dryness, even the presence of disinfectants and radiation. | Spores |
| Capable of causing serious disease, increases the bacteria's ability to resist the defence mechanisms of the body, may prevent antibiotic agents from having an effect on the bacteria. | Capsules |
| Short, nonmovable rods that normally live in the intestinal tract of insects such as lice, fleas, ticks, and mosquitoes. | Rickettsiae |
| Found in fresh water, contains chlorophyll and pigments that cause them to appear green, yellow, brown or red. | Algae |
| A group of single-cell organisms, doesn't cause disease but lives in hosts and do damage. Responsible for intestinal infections in humans; other invade blood, lungs, liver or brain. | Protozoa |
| Plants like mushrooms, yeasts and molds that lack chlorophyll | Fungi |
| Oral candidiasis is caused by the yeast called? | Candida albicans |
| Lesions may look like thin cottage cheese and can be wiped off to reveal a raw, red, and sometimes bleeding base | Candida albicans |
| Tinea pedis is often called as? | Atheletes Foot |
| Tinea corprois is often called as? | Ringworm |
| Small proteinaceous infection particles, composed entirely of proteins that lack nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) | Prions |
| "Mad Cow" Disease | Prion Diseases |
| The least serious form of viral hepatitis is? | Hepatitis A |
| A very serious disease that may result in prolonged illness, liver cancer, cirrhosis of the liver, liver failure and death. | Hepatitis B |
| Most efficiently transmitted through blood transfusion or transfusion or percutaneous exposure to blood. No vaccine against this disease at this time. | Hepatitis C |
| A defective virus that can't replicate itself without the presence of HBV. | Hepatitis D |
| Transmitted by way of the feca-oral routes through contaminated food or water. | Hepatitis E |
| Transmitted by fecal-oral transmission | Hepatitis A , E |
| Transmitted through blood and other bodily fluids | Hepatitis B, C, D |
| Spread by sexual contact with an infected person and through needle sharing among drug users. | HIV |
| A viral infection that causes recurrent sores on the lips. | Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 |
| Highly contagious disease, makes its first appearance in very young children (1-3 years of age) and is known as? | Primary Herpes |
| Genital herpes is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in the United States. It is also known as? | Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 |
| Causes both chicken pox and shingles. | Herpes zoster virus |
| Can affect the fetus during pregnancy. | Cytomegalovirus |
| Responsible for infectious mononucleosis, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, lymphoma, and oral hairy leuokoplakia. | Epstein-Barr virus |
| Major transmission route for herpesvirus is through? | direct contact with lesions |
| Herpes infection in the eye may cause? | Blindness |
| What protect against infection through lesions or abrasions on the hands? | Gloves |
| Most commonly found virus in Africa, West Asia, and the Middle East. Virus is carried by mosquitoes and can infect human beings, birds, horses, and some other mammals. | West Nile Virus |
| West Nile Virus can affect a person's nervous system, causing inflammation of the? | Brain and spinal cord |
| Symptoms of WNV include: | fever, headache, tiredness, aches, and sometimes rash. |
| Bacterial Diseases: | Tuberculosis, Legionnaire's disease, Tetanus, Syphilis and MRSA |
| Caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is the leading cause of death resulting from infectious disease worldwide. | Tuberculosis |
| Legionella pneumophila causes two acute bacterial diseases: | Pontiac fever and Legionnaires' disease |
| An extremely dangerous and fatal disease caused by spore-forming bacillus found in soil, dust, or animal or human feces. | Tetanus |
| Tetanus is also known as? | Lockjaw |
| A sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by Treponema pallidum pirochetes. | Syphilis |
| 1st stage of syphilis is a painless ulcerating sore, known as? | chancre (infectious on contact) |
| 3rd stage of syphilis that is usually fatal and may occur after the disease has been dormant for 20 years is known as? | Latent syphilis |
| A bacteria that is resistant to some antibiotics and has evolved due to the excessive use of penicillin antibiotics over the years. | MRSA (methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus) |
| What is a pandemic? | A global disease outbreak |
| A mother with an active vaginal or cervical herpetic lesions at the time of delivery can pass which virus to her newborn? | Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 |
| Chain/Cluster-forming cocci are: | Staphylococci |
| Candida is a type of: | Fungus |
| T or F: Pathogenic bacteria can usually grow at 37° C (98.6° F). | True |
| Which disease is transmitted by aerosolization and aspiration of contaminated water? | Legionnaire's disease |
| what are the parts of the body that can oral bacteria affect? | heart, lungs, joints and bones |
| how do oral bacteria affect the heart? | by entering the bloodstream and affect blood vessels/ cause blood clots which can increase general inflammation which can lead to a heart attack/stroke |
| how do oral bacteria affect the lungs? | oral bacteria aspirated from the mouth as you breathe in, can cause an anaerobic infection of the lungs which can lead to a higher risk of pneumonia, especially in the elderly |
| how do oral bacteria affect the joints? | by entering the bloodstream are contributing factor in the cause & development of rheumatoid arthritis |
| how do oral bacteria affect the bones? | presence of both oral bacteria & osteoroporosis can increase the weakening, breakdown & loss of alveolar bone in the jaw |
Created by:
Jrycey
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