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Bio 151 unit 1/2
ecology and phylogeny
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| what is an ecosystem? | all living and non-living things interacting in an area |
| What is a habaitat? | the place where an organisms lives and provides the things an organism needs |
| What is a biotic factor? | all living parts of an organism |
| What is looked at with biotic factors? | what they do and what they leave behind in an environment |
| What is an abiotic factor? | the non-living parts of an organism |
| What are examples of abiotic factors? | water, sunlight, oxygen, temperatures, and soil |
| What is a population? | all the members of one species in a particular area |
| What is a community? | all the different populations together in an area |
| What is ecology? | the study of how living things interact with each other and their environment |
| What is biodiversity? | the number of species in an ecosystem |
| What is density of population | the number of individuals per unit area or volume |
| What is dispersion of population? | the pattern of spacing among individuals within the boundaries of a population |
| What is the most common type of dispersion? | clumped |
| What is clumped dispersion? | individuals that are collected in patches |
| What is an example of clumped dispersion? | starfish |
| What is uniform dispersion? | direct interaction between individuals in the population |
| What is an example of uniform dispersion? | King penguins |
| What is random dispersion? | the individuals being completely independent of each other in the population |
| What is an example of random dispersion? | Dandelions |
| What adds to the density of individuals in a population? | Births and immigration |
| What removes from the density of individuals in a population? | Deaths and emigration |
| What is a survivorship curve? | way of representing the survival rate in a life table |
| What is a "type I" survivorship curve? | flat at the top and drops deep towards the end |
| What is represented by a "type I" curve? | low death rates in early life and death rates increasing as older age occurs |
| What are examples of a "type I" curve? | Elephants and humans |
| What are characteristics of "type I" curves | few offspring, good care at young age |
| What is a "type II" survivorship curve? | intermediate, diagonal line |
| What is represented by a "type II" curve? | constant death rate over the oragnism's life |
| What are examples of a "type II" curve? | small rodents, insects, lizards |
| What is a "type III" survivorship curve? | curve that drops sharply at the beginning and flattens out at the end |
| What is represented by a "type III" curve? | high death rates in early life and lower death rates in older age |
| What are examples of a "type III" curve? | fish, oysters, turtles |
| What are characteristics of a "type III" curve? | many off spring, little to no care for young |
| What is a ecological niche? | an organism's specific set of biotic and abiotic factors that they use in an environment |
| What is competition in an ecosystem? | The struggle between organism for the limited resources in a habitat |
| What is the effects of competition | (-), (-) |
| What is predation? | an interaction in which one organism hunts another animal for food |
| What is the effects of predation? | (+),(-) |
| What is exploitation? | any (+) and (-) interaction between individuals |
| What is resource partitioning? | differentiation of niches that allow similar species to coexist with each other |
| What is prey? | an animal which a predator feeds upon |
| What is a predator? | a carnivore that hunts and kills other animals for food and has adaptions that help the animal catch the prey |
| What is symbiosis? | a close relationship between organisms in which at least one of the organisms benefits |
| What is mutualism? | a type of symbiosis in which both partners benefit from living together |
| What is commensalism | a relationship between two species in which one species benefits and the other is neither helped or harmed |
| What is Parasitism? | a relationship in which one organism lives in or on a host and harms it |
| What is a parsite? | an organism that lives in or on a host causing harm to it |
| What is a host? | an organism that provides a source of energy or a suitable environment for another organism to live |
| What is the effect of parasitism? | (+),(-) |
| What is one example of a symbiotic relationship? | Mutualism |
| What is a second example of a symbiotic relationship? | Parasitism |
| What is a third example of a symbiotic relationship? | Commensalism |
| What is a producer? | an organism that can make it's own food |
| What are examples of a producer? | plants and algae |
| What is a consumer? | an organism that obtains energy by feeing off other organisms |
| What is a herbivore? | an animal that only eats plants |
| What is an example of herbivores? | elk and cows |
| What is the "primary consumer" | herbivores |
| What is a carnivore? | an animal that only eats another animal |
| What are examples of a carnivore? | wolves and lions |
| What is considered "secondary consumers"? | carnivores that eat herbivores |
| What is an omnivore? | an organism that eats plants and other animals |
| What are examples of omnivore? | humans and dogs |
| What is considered "tertiary consumers"? | carnivores that eat other carnivores |
| What is a scavenger? | an animal that eats the remains of other animals |
| What is an example of a scavenger? | raccoon, vulture, fly |
| What is a decomposer? | an organism that breaks down nutrients and returns it back to the soil and water |
| What is an example of a decomposer? | fungi, prokaryotes |
| What is a food chain? | a series of events in which energy is transferred from one trophic level to another |
| What is a food web? | the interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem |
| What is the energy pyrmaid? | A diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web |
| What is the carrying capacity? | the max population size that can be supported by the available resources |
| What letter symbolizes the carrying capacity? | k |
| What is demography? | the study of changes over time in the vital stats of populations |
| What does demography mainly look at? | birth and death rates |
| What is aposematic coloration? | bright warning coloration of animals that have effective physical or chemical defenses |
| What is a foundation species? | Species that have a strong effect on the community because of its high abundance |
| What can a foundation species do? | provide significant habitat or food for other species in the community |
| What is the net primary production? | the gross production minus the energy used by producers in an ecosystem |
| What is biomass? | total mass of organic matter comprising a group of organisms in a particular habitat |
| What is species richness? | the number of species in a biological community |
| What is relative abundance? | the proportional abundance of different species in a community |
| What is a ecological disturbance | natural or human-caused events that changes a community and usually removes organisms from it |
| What are some examples of an ecological disturbance? | fires and storms |
| What is primary succession? | type of succession that occurs in an area that originally had no organisms present and where soil has not formed yet |
| What is a vector? | an organism that transmits pathogens from one hots to another |
| law of conservation on mass | matter cannot be created nor destoryed |
| What is secondary production? | amount of chemical energy that is converted to their own new biomass |
| What is primary produdction? | amount of light energy converted to chemical energy |
| What is logistic population growth? | population growth that levels off as population size approaches K |
| What does the food chain begin with? | producers |
| What is r-selection? | the study of how complex interaction between abiotic and biotic factors influence variations in population size |
| What is competitive exclusion? | two species competing for the same limited resource cannot coexist |
| What is cryptic coloration? | camouflage, helps prey hide from predators |
| What is an introduced species? | species moved by humans from its native location to a new one (non-native, exotic, invasive species) |
| What is an ecotone? | the transition from one type of habitat to another |
| What is a limiting nutrient? | an element that must be added for production to increase in a particular area |
| What is batesian mimicry? | a harmless species resembles a harmful one |
| What is an endoparasite? | a parasite that lives within a hose |
| What is a zoonotic pathogen? | a disease-causing agent that is transmitted to humans from other animals |
| What is secondary succession? | occurs where an existing community has been cleared by some disturbance the leaves the soil or substrate intact |
| What is gross primary production? | the total primary production of an ecosystem |
| What is exponential population growth? | population in an ideal, unlimited environment |
| How is exponential population growth represented? | a J-shaped curve |
| what is eutrophication? | process when nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen become highly concentrated and lead to increased growth of organisms like algae |
| What is an interspecific interaction? | a relationship between individuals of two or more species in a community |
| What is an ectoparasite? | a parasite that feeds on the external surface of a host |
| What is the life history? | traits that affect an organism's schedule of reproduction and survival |
| What is the trophic structure? | different feeding relationships in an ecosystem that determine the route of energy flow and pattern of chemical cycling |
| What is a cohort? | a group of individuals of the same age in a population |
| What is trophic efficiency? | the percentage of production transferred from one trophic level to the next |
| What is detritus? | dead, organic matter |
| What is a keystone species? | species that has the strongest control on a community structure based of its ecological role or niche |
| What is a pathogen? | an organism or virus that causes diseases |
| What are K-selections? | selection for life history that are sensitive to population density |
| What is a trophic level? | the position an organism occupies in a food chain |
Created by:
nkloos
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