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Biology ch 10-1
Vocabulary words for Sexual Reproduction and Genetics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Gene | functional unit that controls inherited traits expression that is passed on from one generation to another generation |
| Homologous Chromosome | one of two paired chromosomes, one from each parent, that carries genes for a specific trait at the same location. |
| Gamete | a haploid sex cell, formed during meiosis, that can combine with another haploid sex cell and produce a diploid fertilized egg |
| Haploid | cell with half the number of chromosomes (n) as a diploid (2n) cell |
| Fertilization | process by which haploid gametes combine, forming a diploid cell with 2n chromosomes, with a chromosomes from n chromosomes from the female parent and n chromosomes from the male parent. |
| Diploid | having two copies of each chromosome |
| Meiosis | reduction division process, occurring only in reproductive cells, in which one diploid (2n) cell produces four haploid (n) cells that are not genetically identical. |
| Crossing Over | exchange of chromosomal segments between a pair of homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis |