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Chapter 2 Vocab

Chapter 2: Chemistry of life

TermDefinition
Atom The smallest basic unit of matter
Element An atom that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by any ordinary chemical means
Compound a substance made of atoms of different elements bonded together in a certain ratio
Ion An atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons
Ionic Bond Form through the electrical force between oppositely charged ions
Covalent Bond Form when atoms share a pair of electrons
Molecule Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
Hydrogen Bond An attraction between between a slightly positive hydrogen atom, and a slightly negative hydrogen atom, often oxygen or nitrogen
Cohesion The attraction among the molecules of a substance
Adhesion The attraction among the molecules of a different substance
Solution A mixture of substances that is the same throughout (homogenous mixture)
Solvent The substance that is present in the greater amount that dissolves another substance
Solute The substance that dissolves in a solvent
Acid A compound that releases a proton when it dissolves in water
Base Compounds that remove H+ ions from a solution
PH A solutions acidity, or H+ ion concentration
Monomer Each subunit in the complete molecule
Polymer A large molecule made of many monomers bonded together
Carbohydrate Molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and they include sugars and starches
Lipid Non-polar molecules that includes fat, oil and cholestrol
Fatty Acid Chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms
Protein A polymer made of monomers called amino acids
Amino Acid Molecules that contain hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur
Nucleic Acid Polymers made of monomers called nucleotides
Chemical Reaction Changes substances into different substances by breaking and forming chemical bonds
Reactant The substance(s) that is changed during a chemical reaction
Product The substance(s) that is made by a chemical reaction
Bond Energy The amount of energy that will break a bond between two atoms
Equilibrium Reached when both the reactants and products are made at the same rate
Activation Energy The amount of energy that needs to be absorbed for a chemical reaction to start
Exothermic Chemical reaction releases more energy than it absorbs
Endothermic Chemical reaction absorbs more energy that is releases
Catalyst a substance that decreases the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction and, as a result, increases the rate of the chemical reaction
Enzyme Catalyst for chemical reactions in living things
Substrate Specific reactants that an enzyme acts on
Created by: SavanahT
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