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Apologia Bio Mod 11
Apologia Biology Module 11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Invertibrates | Animals that lack a backbone |
| vertibrates | Animals that possess a backbone |
| Spherical symmetry | an organism possess spherical symmetry if it can be cut into two identical halves by any cut that runs through the organism's center |
| Radial Symmetry | an organism possess radial symmetry if it can be cut into two identical halves by any longitudinal cut through its center |
| Bilateral Symmetry | an organism possess bilateral symmetry if it can only be cut into two identical halves by a single longitudinal cut along its center which divides it into right and left halves |
| epidermis | an outer layer of cells designed to provide protection |
| mesenchyme | the jellylike substance that separates the epidermis from the inner cells in a sponge |
| collar cells | flagellated cells that push water through a sponge |
| amoebocytes | cells that move using pseudopods and perform different functions in different animals |
| gemmule | a cluster of cells encased ina a hard, spicule-reinforced shell |
| polyp | the sessile, tubuluar form of cnidarians with a mouth and tentacles at one end and a basal disk at the other |
| medusa | a free-swimming cnidarian with a bell shaped body and tentacles |
| epithelium | animal tissue consisting of one or more layers of cells that have only one free surface, because the other surface adheres to a membrane or other surface |
| mesoglea | the jellylike substance that separates the epithelial cells in a cnidarian |
| nematocysts | small capsules that contain a toxin which is injected into prey or predators |
| testes | organs that produce sperm |
| ovaries | organs that produce eggs |
| anterior end | the end of an animal that ocntains its head |
| posterior end | the end of an animal that contains its tail |
| circulatory system | a system designed to transpor food and other necessary substances throughout a creature's body |
| nervous system | a system of sensitive cells that respond to stimuli such as sound, touch, and taste |
| ganglia | masses of nerve cell bodies |
| hermaphroditic | possessing both the male and female reproductive organs |
| regeneration | the ability to regrow a missing part of the body |
| mantle | a sheath of tissue that encloses the vital organs of a mollusk, makes the mollusk's shell, and performs respiration |
| shell | a tough, multilayered structure secreted by the mantle, generally used for protection, but sometimes for body support |
| visceral hump | a hump that contains a mollusk's heart, digestive, and excretory organs |
| foot | a muscular organ that is used for locomotion and takes a variety of forms depending on the animal |
| radula | an organ covered with teeth that mollusks use to scrape food into their mouths |
| univalve | an organsm with a single shell |
| bivalve | an organism with two shells |
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