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DNA

DNA, RNA, classification and heredity, variation/evolution, genetic engineering

QuestionAnswer
Define taxonomy The study of classification
What is taxonomy? Kingdom--->Phylum--->Class--->Order--->Family--->Genus--->Species (King Prawn Curry Or Fried Greasy Sausages/)
What is a species? A group of organisms with many features in common that can breed together to produce fertile offspring
What is genetic variation? Each population has a wide range of alleles that control their characteristics
What is an allele A different version of the same gene
What does DNA stand for? Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What is a chromosome? DNA wrapped around protein
Name the four complimentary bases Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine
Who developed the model for the double helix? Watson and Crick
What are the 'rungs' on the double helix 'ladder' called? Complimentary base pairs
What kind of bonds bond the base pairs? Hydrogen bond
What is a nucleotide? A repeating unit of DNA
What are the two sets of complimentary base pairs? Adenine and Thymine Cytosine and Guanine
What are the pyrimadine base pairs and why? Cytosine and Thymine because they are similar in shape but not complimentary
What are the purine base pairs and why? Adenine and Guanine because they are similar in shape but are not complimentary
What is the function of DNA? To carry the genetic code
What is a gene? A section of DNA that codes for a particular protein
Name three differences between RNA and DNA 1. RNA has one strand and DNA has two 2. DNA has thymine and RNA has uracil 3. RNA's sugar in ribose while DNA's sugar is deoxyribose
What does RNA stand for? Ribonucleic acid
What is junk DNA and what percentage of human cells are junk DNA? Non-coding DNA. Up to 97% of DNA in human cells does not carry the code for the production of protein
How many bases code for 1 amino acid and what is it called? 3 bases and it is called a triplet or a codon
Explain how a protein is coded for The sequence of bases gives the sequence of amino acids which gives you a specific protein
What does DNA need to do in order for meiosis and mitosis to occur? DNA needs to replicate
Name the two main enzymes in relation to DNA replication DNA helicase and DNA polymerase
What does DNA helicase do? Unzips DNA strands/breaks the hydrogen bonds by unwinding them at positions called origins
What does DNA polymerase do? Joins nucleotides together to form a new strand on DNA
Why is DNA helicase important? It seperates double stranded DNA into single strands, allowing each strand to be copied
Why is DNA polymerase important? Responsible for the process of DNA replication , during which a double stranded DNA molecule is copied into two identical DNA molecules
What is a DNA profile? A unique pattern of bands from the DNA of a person
Name two uses of a DNA profile crime scenes and paternity tests
Describe how a DNA profile is made? 1. DNA is collected then released 2. DNA is cut into fragments (using a restriction enzyme) 3. DNA is seperated using gel electrophoresis (its put into a gel and an electric current is passed through it) 4. Patterns will appear and be compared
Name the three types of RNA messenger RNA, ribsomel RNA, transfer DNA
What are the two stages of protein synthesis? Transcription and translation
What is genetic screening? Looking for the presence or absence of a certain gene
Name the two different types of genetic screening Adult genetic screening and foetal genetic screening
What is foetal genetic screening used for? child can be tested for genetic disorders they may have inherited
What is adult genetic screening used for? Generally carried out on people who do not suffer from a genetic disorder but may carry it (they may get tested to see if there's a possibility of passing it on to a future child)
Created by: sjbuzb
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