Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Monera
Questions on monera
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is another name for monera? | Bacteria |
| Are monera prokaryotic or eukaryotic? | Prokaryotic |
| What are the three types of bacteria? | Round, rod, spiral |
| What are round bacteria called and give two examples | Coccus- pneumonia and sore throat |
| What are rod bacteria called and give two examples | Bacillus/Bacilli- tuberculosis and tetanus (lockjaw) |
| What are spiral bacteria called and give two examples | Spirillium/Spirilla- Syphilis and cholera |
| What is pathogenic bacteria? | bacteria that causes harm |
| What are five factors that affect bacterial growth? | Temperature, pH, External Solute Concentration, Oxygen concentration, *Pressure |
| Is bacteria asexual or sexual? | Asexual |
| What is bacterial reproduction called? | Binary Fission (means 'to split') |
| Explain Binary Fission in three steps | 1. The bacterial cell DNA replicates into an identical copy 2. The bacterial cell grows and elongates to spread the chromosomes apart 3. The cell divides into two identical daughter cells. Then the process is repeated |
| What are endospores? | Formed in unfavourable conditions and can stay around for hundreds of years until favourable conditions emerge |
| What are two examples of unfavourable conditions for bacterial growth/reproduction? | low temperature or high solute concentration |
| What do endospores do? | Forms a hard outer shell around one DNA strand while the rest of the cell dies |
| Are monera autotrophic or heterotrophic? | Bacteria can be either |
| Name two types of autotrophic bacteria | Photosynthetic and Chemosynthetic |
| What is photosynthetic bacteria and give an example | gets energy from light- eg Purple Sulfur bacteria |
| What is chemosynthetic bacteria and give an example | gets energy from chemical reactions- eg Nitrifying bacteria |
| What does autotrophic mean? | an organism that can make its own food/nutrients/energy |
| Name two types of heterotrophic bacteria | Parasitic and Saprophytic |
| What is parasitic bacteria and give an example | It lives on a live host and causes harm- eg Tetanus |
| What is saprophytic bacteria and give an example | It lives off of dead or decaying matter- eg Bacteria of Decay |
| What does heterotrophic mean? | an organism that cannot make its own food/nutrients/energy |
| Name two economic advantages of bacteria | Some bacteria can make antibiotics and bacteria can be used in genetic engineering to produce insulin |
| Name two economic disadvantages of bacteria | Causes food to rot/decay and some bacteria are pathogenic |
| How does temperature affect bacterial growth? | If the temp is to high, enzymes will denature but if temp is to low, there will not be enough energy to reproduce |
| How does pH affect bacterial growth? | If the pH is to acidic or basic/alkaline, the enzyme will denature depending on its preferred pH |
| How does the external solute concentration affect bacterial growth? | Osmosis affects bacteria, so a high salt or concentration may affect the bacteria |
| How does oxygen concentration affect bacterial growth? | Facultative anaerobes and obligate anaerobes |
| What is an obliagate anaerobe? | An anaerobe that can only respire without oxygen (obligated to respire anaerobically) |
| What is a facultative anaerobe? | An anaerobe that can respire with or without oxygen (can facilitate respiring with or without oxygen) |
| What are the five stages of the growth curve of micro-organisms? | 1. Lag Phase 2. Log Phase 3. Stationary Phase 4. Decline Phase 5. Survival Phase |
| What happens in the Lag Phase? | Population remains the same/is slowly increasing. Number doesn't increase immediately because bacteria/microorganism are adjusting to new environment |
| What happens in the Log Phase? | Number of bacteria are increasing rapidly. Factors affecting growth are optimal |
| What happens in the Stationary Phase? | Number of bacteria stays the same. Birth and death rates are equal, giving a steady population, due to build up of toxins |
| What happens in the Decline Phase? | Numbers are decreasing. Could be due to lack of nutrients, build up of toxins, lack of space etc |
| What happens in the Survival Phase? | Low number of bacteria surviving. They don't die out due to endospores |
| What is the purpose of the capsule/slime layer? | Protection |
| What is the function of the flagellum? | Movement |
| What is the function of the plasmid? | Genetic engineering |
| What is the purpose of a storage granule? | Storage |
| In bacteria, what is the cell wall made of? | Protein and sugar |
| What is the function of DNA? | Coding |
| Is the cell membrane permeable, semi-permeable or non-permeable? | Semi-permeable |
| What are two uses of bacteria? | Antibiotics and food processing |
| What are antibiotics? | Chemical substances produced by bacteria and fungi that stop the growth of or kill other bacteria |
| What foods can bacteria produce in food processing? | yoghurt, cheese, some alcohols, single-celled bacteria can make quorn (fake meat) |
| What is bioprocessing? | The use of living cells or their components to make useful products |
| Where does bioprocessing take place? | In a bioreactor |
| What is a bioreactor? | Where bioprocessing takes place |
| Explain batch culture | A fixed amount of sterile nutrient is added to the micro-organisms in the bioreactor |
| What stages of the growth curve do the micro-organisms go through in batch culture? | Lag, Log and stationary (sometimes decline and survival) |
| Explain continuous flow | The nutrients is constantly fed into the bioreactor while the culture medium is continuously withdrawn |
| What stages of the growth curve do the micro-organisms go through in continuous flow? | Almost exclusively the Log Stage |
| What is mainly produced by batch culture? | Antibiotics |
| What is mainly produced by continuous flow? | Single-celled protein production |
Created by:
sjbuzb
Popular Biology sets