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Speciation Mechs.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Evolution | a change in the frequencies of alleles in a population across generations |
| What are the 3 major factors which alter allele frequencies and bring about the most evolutionary change? | Natural selection, Genetic Drift, Gene flow |
| Genetic drift | random allele frequency changes in small populations due to chance alone |
| Genetic drift tends to reduce ... especially in small populations | genetic variation |
| What two factors (effects) can cause drastic reduction in a size of a population? | The bottleneck effect and the founder effect |
| Bottleneck effect | A natural disaster which reduces the size of a population and survivors are determined by chance |
| Founder Effect | When few individuals become isolated from a larger population |
| Gene flow | The movement of alleles among populations |
| Species | a group of individuals capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring |
| What are the keys to speciation? | Reproductive isolation and geographic isolation |
| Allopatric speciation | when geographic isolation creates a reproductive barrier |
| Sympatric speciation | when a reproductive barrier is created by something other than geographic evolution |
| Temporal isolation | when two species mate at different times of the year |
| Ecological isolation | when two species occupy different habitats |
| Behavioral isolation | when two species have different courtship behaviors |
| Mechanical isolation | when physical differences prevent copulation / pollination |
| What do fossil records contain? | An organisms structure, what they ate, what environment they lived in, and order in which they lived |
| What do fossils form in? | Sedimentary rock |
| relative dating | determining the age of fossils by comparing its placement with that of fossils in other layers of rock |
| radioactive dating | determining the amount of radioactive isotopes in a fossil to determine the age of it |
| is relative dating or radioactive dating more precise? | radioactive dating |
| homologous structures | similar structures, different functions |
| analogous structures | different structures, same functions |
| vestigial structures | structures that no longer serve a purpose but had one in the organisms ancestors |
| Biochemical evidence | analysis of DNA or Amino acids |
Created by:
Airo
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