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Anatomy - Chapter 6
Bones
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Axial Skeleton | bones of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage. |
| Appendicular Skeleton | Bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulder and hips. |
| Long Bones | Longer than they are wide. |
| Short Bones | Cube-shaped bones of the wrist and ankle. Bones that form in tendons. |
| Flat Bones | Thin, flattened and a little curved. (Sternum and skull bones) |
| Irregular Bones | Bones with complicated shapes. (vertebra hip bones) |
| Compact Bone | Dense outer layer. |
| Spongy Bone | Honeycomb of trabeculuae filled with yellow bone marrow. |
| Articular Cartilage | The cartilage coating a bone. |
| Periosteum | The membrane of blood vessels and nerves that wraps around most of your bones. |
| Epiphyseal Line | The line between the proximal epiphyseal and the diaphysis. |
| Diaphysis | The main part of the long bone, middle. |
| Epiphyseal (Proximal and Distal) | The top and bottom round part of the long bones. |
| Medullary Cavity | Where yellow bone marrow is stored. |
| Sharpey's Fibers | The fibers connecting the periosteum to the compact bone. |
| Calcium is needed for... | Transmission of nerve impulses, Muscle contractions, Blood coagulation, Secretion by glands and nerve cells, cell division. |
| Wolff's Law | A bone grows or remodels in response to the forces or demands placed upon it. |
| Nondisplaced | Bone ends retain their normal position. |
| Displaced | Bone ends are out of normal alignment. |
| Complete | Bone is broken all the way through. |
| Incomplete | Bone is not broken all the way through. |
| Linear | The fracture is parallel to the long axis of the bone. |
| Transverse | the fracture is perpendicular to the long axis of the bone. |
| Compound | (open) Bone ends penetrate the skin. |
| Simple | (closed) Bone ends do not penetrate the skin. |
| Comminuted | Bone fragments into three or more pieces; common in the elderly. |
| Spiral | Ragged break when bone is excessively twisted; common sports injury. |
| Depressed | Broken bone portion pressed inward; typical skull fracture. |
| Compression | bone is crushed; common in porous bones. |
| Epiphyseal Fracture | epiphysis separates from diaphysis along epiphyseal line; occurs where cartilage cells are dying. |
| Greenstick | Incomplete fracture where one side of the bone breaks and the other side bends; common in children. |
| Osteomalacia | Bones are inadequately mineralized causing softened, weakened bones. Symptoms are pain when weight is applied. Cause is insufficient calcium or vitamin D deficiency. |
| Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva | A little-known disease that slowly turns its victims into masses of solid bone. |
| Rickets | Bones of children are inadequately mineralized causing softened, weakened bones. Causes bowed legs, and deformities in the pelvis, skull, and rib cage. Caused by insufficient calcium or vitamin D deficiency. |
| Osteoporosis | Group of diseases in which bone reabsorption outpaces bone deposit, bones become so fragile that sneezing or stepping off a curb can cause fractures. Common in postmenopause women. |
Created by:
emag
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