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Chapter 17
Reproductive System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Testis; | male gonad that produces sperm and testosterone |
| Ovary; | female gonad that produces eggs and estrogen/progesterone |
| Gamete; | egg/sperm |
| Oocyte; | egg/ovum |
| Sperm; | male gamete that fertilizes egg |
| Testosterone; | male sex hormone; promotes sex organ development and secondary sex characteristics |
| Estrogen and progesterone; | main female sex hormones; promotes sex organ development and secondary sex characteristics; regulates ovarian and uterine cycles |
| Fertilization; | fusion of egg and sperm |
| Zygote; | one-celled fertilized egg |
| Meiosis; | cell division only used for making gametes |
| Mitosis; | cell division used for tissue growth, repair |
| Spermatogenesis; | production of sperm |
| Oogenesis; | production of eggs |
| Humans have 23 pairs; | 46 chromosomes in body cells. 23 in gametes |
| Functions of scrotum; | temperature regulation for spermatogenesis; smooth muscle brings testes closer to/or further away from body to warm or cool them |
| Ejaculation; | semen/sperm release |
| Erection; | blood flow to penis/erectile tissue |
| Semen; | fluid in which sperm is carried; sugars to provide energy; basic pH to neutralize acidity in the vagina |
| Circumcision; | removal of foreskin |
| Glands that produce semen; | prostate gland, seminal vesicle, bulbourethral gland |
| Secondary sexual characteristics for males; | hair growth, muscle development, larynx enlarges |
| Secondary sexual characteristics for females; | hair growth, breast development, fat deposition |
| Ectopic pregnancy; | embryo implants outside the uterus |
| Vulva; | external genitalia = labia majora/minora and glans clitoris |
| Ovarian cycle; Follicle; | in ovary - houses oocyte |
| Ovarian cycle; Corpus luteum; | follicle turns into this; an endocrine gland that secretes estrogen/progesterone after ovulation - breaks down if pregnancy doesn't occur |
| Ovarian cycle; Ovulation; | releases of oocyte from follicle |
| Menopause; | ovarian cycle stops, ovaries produces less hormones; side effects - osteoporosis, hot flashes |
| Endometriosis; | endometrial tissue escapes the uterus and attaches to other organs; painful and can cause infertility |
| Male and female condom; | male: covers penis and blocks sperm/virus transmission; female: inside vagina - blocks sperm/viruses |
| Abstinence; | no sexual intercourse |
| Vasectomy; | cut vas deferens so that sperm can no longer exit the body |
| Tubal ligation; | cut uterine tubes so that egg can't meet sperm |
| Pill; | hormonal control - don't go through normal ovarian cycle/ovulation |
| Rhythm method; | try to predict when ovulation occurs and avoid sex for a few days around then |
| HIV; | human immunodeficiency virus |
| AIDS; | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome - occurs when enough helper T cells have been infected with HIV so that immune system shuts down - typically person dies from infection |
Created by:
castigisselle
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