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Biolgy Module 5
Defintions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Phosphorylation | The transfer of energy when a phosphate group is moved between the molecules |
| Pigment | An organic compound giving a specific color to plant or animal cells |
| Chlorophyll | A group of pigments (mostly composed of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b) found in algae, green plants, and cyanobacteria. It is necessary for photosynthesis, allowing for the absorption of energy from light |
| Stroma | Gel-like fluid found inside the inner membrane of a chloroplast |
| Thylakoid | Disk-shaped sac suspended in the stroma of chloroplasts. It is the site of the light reactions of photosynthesis |
| Grana | Stacks of thylakoids |
| Photosystem | A cluster of chlorophyll and other molecules in the thylakoid membrane that absorbs light energy |
| Electron transport chain | A series of electron-carrying molecules within a membrane that transfer electrons and release energy at each transfer |
| Aerobic | Requiring oxygen |
| Anaerobic | Without oxygen |
| Glycolisis | The first stage of cellular respiration where glucose is split in half |
| Krebs cycle | The stage of cellular respiration where carbon dioxide is used to complete the breakdown of pyruvic acid molecules, releasing energy |
| Fermentation | A cellular process producing ATP without oxygen |