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Biochem
DNA Replication repair
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Helicase | Pushes double strand DNA apart |
| Single- Stranded Binging Protein (SSBP) | Coats the DNA strand to prevent them from reannealing |
| Primase | Synthesis of the RNA primer (12 nucleotides long) |
| DNA polymerase | Synthesis the new DNA strand & proof-reads |
| Sliding clamp | Holds DNA polymerase in place and give it processivity |
| RNAsase H | Removes the RNA primer |
| DNA ligase | Join the discontinues segments of lagging strand |
| Nucleosome | Fundamental unit of DNA |
| Topoisomerase | Relives the overwinding ahead of the replication fork |
| Okazaki fragments | Lagging strand breaks |
| Replisome | Several proteins are required for DNA replication |
| Fluroquinolones | Inhibit DNA replication & prevent bacterial multiplication |
| Mutation | an alteration in a cells DNA |
| Apoptosis | cells with badly damaged DNA are susceptible to programmed cell death |
| Cancer | cells with damaged DNA that escape normal growth control and proliferate excessively |
| Xeroderma pigmentosum | nucleotide excision repair enzyme are defective |