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AP Bio U4

Meiosis

QuestionAnswer
What is Heredity? Transfer of traits from one generation to the next
What are inherited traits transmitted on? Genes
What is a locus? Specific location on chromosome where an organism's specific gene is found
Which type of reproduction produces genetically diverse offspring? Sexual
Which type of reproduction produces genetically identical offspring? Asexual
How many chromosomes does a human somatic cell contain? 46
What are homologous chromosomes? Two chromosomes that have the same length, centromere position, staining pattern, and genes
What is a diploid cell? A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes (2n)
What is a haploid cell? A cell that contains one set of chromosomes (n)
What does the human life cycle begin with? Fertilization
What happens during fertilization? A haploid cell from the father fuses with a haploid egg from the mother and their nuclei fuses
What is a zygote? A fertilized cell, diploid
How many pairs of autosomes and sex chromosomes does a zygote have? 22 auto, 1 sex
What determines the biological sex of a baby? One sex chromosome pair in zygote
What gender is XX? Female
What gender is XY? Male
What chromosome contains the SRY gene? Y`
What does the SRY gene do? Controls the release of hormones
What happens in Prophase 1? Homologous chromosomes pair and exchange segments of DNA. Synapsis happens, paired homologous chromosomes attach to each other by a protein structure called the synaptonemal complex.
What is crossing over? exchange of corresponding segments of DNA between nonsister chromatids.
Where does crossing over? Chiasma
What happens during Metaphase 1? Chromosomes line up by homologous pairs on the metaphase plate
What happens during Anaphase 1? Each pair of homologous chromosomes separates and moves toward its respective pole. Sister chromatids remain connected.
What happens during Telophase 1? Two haploid cells form
What is different in Meosis 2? No crossing over in Prophase 1
What type of cell is produced after meosis? 4 haploid cells with unidentical chromosomes
What are the three main factors that contribute to genetic variation? independent assortment, crossing over, and random fertilization
Created by: Lilly_Floyd
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