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Mouvement et muscles

QuestionAnswer
Comment la contraction musculaire déclenche le mouvement ? Le raccourcissement du muscle provoque le mouvement de l'os auquel il est relié par un tendon par rapport à l'articulation.
Comment agissent des muscles antagonistes ? Leur contraction déclenche des mouvements opposés (flexion/extension). Ils ne peuvent se contracter simultanément.
Quelles sont les caractéristiques des cellules musculaires striées ? Les fibres musculaires présentent une organisation spécialisée (présence de myofibrilles, plusieurs noyaux, reticulum sarcoplasmique, mitochondries) adaptée à leur fonction spécifique : la contraction.
Comment se contracte une fibre musculaire striée? Par raccourcissement des myofibrilles suite au glissement relatifs des filaments d'actine et de myosine dans chaque sarcomère.
Quelles sont les conditions nécessaires à la contraction des fibres musculaires striées ? L'hydrolyse d'ATP procurant l"énergie nécessaire au glissement des myofilaments et la présence d'ions Ca2+ libres permettant la fixation de la myosine sur l'actine.
Quelle est l'origine de la myopathie de Duchenne ? Des mutations au niveau du gène de la dystrophine provoquant une anomalie de cette protéine assurant la stabilité des fibres musculaires en les ancrant dans la matrice extracellulaire.
Created by: Tourret
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