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DNA/RNA

BIOL 1113 review 3

TermDefinition
purine large, double ring structure, binds with pyrimidines
purine amino acids adenine, guanine
pyrimidine smaller, single ring structure, binds with purines
pyrimidine amino acids cytosine, thymine, uracil
intron parts of gene that do not get expressed
exon parts of gene that gets expressed
removing different combinations of introns is how one gene can code for multiple proteins
mRNA transcribes every part of DNA except for introns
diploid cell 2 sets of chromosomes
haploid cell 1 set of chromosomes
multiple ribosomes can translate the same mRNA
central dogma flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to protein
universal start codon AUG
anticodon codon on tRNA that matches codon on mRNA to code for protein
three steps of translation and transcription (in order) initiation, elongation, termination
three sites of RNA polymerase during translation (in order) A, P, E
repressor binding protein that inhibits expression of gene
promoter binding protein that expresses gene
bonds between nitrogenous bases hydrogen
transcription factor binding protein that controls transcription rate
TATA box DNA in promoter region that determines what can be decoded
bonds between nucleotides in DNA covalent
DNA runs 5' to 3', RNA runs 3' to 5'
operon group of prokaryotic genes that are read together to control protein synthesis
rRNA ribosomal RNA
tRNA transfer RNA
tRNA function carry amino acids and anticodon to mRNA for protein synthesis
mRNA messenger RNA
mRNA function carry transcribed DNA from nucleus to ribosome
rRNA function catalyze binding of amino acids into protein
Created by: oclar11
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