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ergogenic aid
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ergogenic aids | Any substance, mechanical aid, or training method that improves sport performance |
| difference between a drug and a dietary supplement | FDA approval based on safety and effectiveness |
| dietary supplements | must contain one of the following: vitamin, mineral, herb, botanical, amino acid, excessive kcals, concentrate, metabolite, constituent, extract, or combo of any of these |
| anabolic steroids | benefit: improvements in muscle size, body mass, strength risk: hair, aggressiveness, masculine voice |
| testosterones precursors (prohormones) | benefit: increase body's ability to produce testosterone risk: bad changes in blood lipid and coronary heart disease risk profiles |
| human chorionic gonadotropin | benefit: increase testicular testosterone production risk: pain/swelling/tenderness around injection site |
| insulin | benefit: facilitates uptake of glucose/amino acids, protein synthesis can take place over a longer period of time risk: death, comma, insulin-dependent diabetes |
| human growth hormone | benefit: improve lean body tissue, decrease in body fat risk: acromegaly, diabetes, CV dysfunction, hypertension, muscle/joint/bone pain, abnormal growth of organs, osteoarthritis |
| erythropoietin | benefit: elevations in hematocrit and hemoglobin risk: blood clotting, increased systolic bp, compromised thermoregulatory system, dehydration in aerobic endurance events |
| Beta-adrenergic agonists | benefit: increase lean mass, decrease stored fat |
| beta blockers | benefit: reduce anxiety, tremors |
| essential amino acids, branched chain amino acids | benefit: augment muscle protein synthesis |
| branched aa: leucine | stimulate muscle protein synthesis |
| aa: arginine | needed for synthesis of protein and creatine elevated nitric oxide levels, increase in muscle blood flow, improved exercise perfromance |
| Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) | stimulated protein synthesis, decreases protein breakdown may minimize loss of lean muscle mass high intensity/volume resistance training needed for benefits |
| nutritional muscle buffers | beta-alanine, sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate regulate H+ conc in muscle |
| L-carnitine | increase fat utilization, spare muscle glycogen enhance recovery from exercise decreased pain/muscle damage post exercise |
| creatine | benefits: increase in max strength/power/lean body mass risk: may increase body weight, concerns with GI disturbances and strain on kidneys |
| caffeine | benefit: increased time to exhaustion risk: anxiety, GI disturbances, restlessness, insomnia, tremors, heart arrhythmias, increased risk for heat illness, addiction |
| pre workout drinks | benefit: good for increasing resistance training volume performance risk: anxiety, GI disturbances, restlessness, insomnia, tremors, heart arrhythmias, increased risk for heat illness, addiction |
| Ephedrine | benefit: elevate basal metabolic rate ( → fat loss), effective only when taken with caffeine, improves aerobic endurance performance. risk: nausea, vomiting, anxiety, palpitations, death, banned in most sports |
| Citrus aurantium “bitter orange” | benefit: appetite suppression, increased metabolic rate, lipolysis, puts off fatigue Risks: increase bp, particularly systolic |
Created by:
molaplante
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