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SHS Bio Ch. 11

Stillwater HS Biology Ch. 11 Vocab

QuestionAnswer
nitrogenous base carbon ring structure that contains one or more atoms of nitrogen
double helix shape of DNA; composed of two strands twisted together
DNA replication the process of making a copy of DNA
messenger RNA (mRNA) brings instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the cell's factory floor, the cytoplasm, then moves to the assembly line, a ribosome
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) binds to the mRNA and uses instructions to assemble the amino acids in the correct order
transfer RNA (tRNA) the supplier; delivers amino acids to the ribosome to be assembled into a protein
transcription process by which enzymes make an RNA copy of a portion of a DNA strand
codon three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid
translation process of converting the information in a sequence of nitrogenous bases in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids in protein
nucleotide subunit of a nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
polymer large molecule formed from smaller subunits that are bonded together
cancer diseases believed to be caused by changes in the genes that control the cell cycle
mutation any change in the DNA sequence
point mutation change in a single base pair in DNA
frameshift mutation mutation in which a single base is added to or deleted from DNA
chromosomal mutation structural changes or alterations in chromosomes
mutagen an agent that can cause a change in DNA
Created by: mkifer
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