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Ecology
Envi Test 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Interspecific Competition | interspecific, use similar resources, (-/-) |
| What is Herbivory and what are some adaptations to deal with this? | consumption of plants by animals (+/-) adaptations - poisonous, unpalatable, thorns |
| What is Predation and what are some adaptations to deal with this? | (+/-) animals eating animals adaptation - camouflage, eyes on side of head, warning colors, living in large groups, protective armor |
| Predator Defenses | the characteristics that evolved in prey to avoid being detected, selected, and captured by prey Ex: chemical defenses, cryptic coloration, flashing coloration |
| Warning Coloration | used by animals that are toxic or have chemical defenses |
| What is the Model in terms of Warning Coloration? | the inedible species |
| What is the Mimic in terms of Warning Coloration? | - the edible species that resembles the model |
| Examples of Batesian Mimicry | - hoverfly resembles a wasp - scarlet king resembles a poisonous coral snake |
| Mullerian Mimicry | unpalatable, venomous, or toxic species share a similar color pattern Ex: poison dart frogs |
| Parasitism | species interaction where one species benefits from prolonged, close association with the host species, who is harmed (+/-) |
| What is a Parasite and what are Examples? | obtains nourishment from a host Ex: mites, lice, roundworms, and ticks |
| Do Parasites always Kill the Host? | no, however, they often reduce their nutrients which may lead to sickness and death |
| What are some Defense Mechanisms Hosts have Coevolved with Parasites? | grooming, inflammation, scabs, cysts |
| Mutualism | (+/+) Ex: bees and flowers |
| Commensalism | one species benefits and the other is unaffected (+/0) Ex: epiphytes |
| Dispersal | the movement of individuals in space |
| Emigration | individuals moving away from a population |
| Immigration | individuals moving into a population |
| What are the Key Factors for Population Growth? | - number of births/deaths - rate of emigration/immigration |
| Exponential Population Growth | the number of individuals added to the population is proportional to the size of the population at the start, not sustainable for most populations |
| Logistic Population Growth | initial growth of a population, as the population reaches capacity, growth rate slows down |
| Carrying Capacity | maximum number of individuals any habitat can support |
| What are Density Dependent Factors? Examples? | factors that affect a population size depending on the population density Ex: competition for food, water, space, and diseases, predation |
| What are Density Independent Factors? Examples? | factors that influence the density of a population without regard for the populations density Ex : spraying chemicals, change in temp or climate, habitat destruction |
| Survivorship Curve | a graphic way of representing the data in a life table |
| Type One Curve | mortality rates low till later in life Ex : humans and elephants |
| Type Two Curve | constant proportion of individuals die throughout the life cycle (die young , mid-age, and old) Ex: birds |
| Type Three Curve | juvenile mortality high, those that survive have a high survivorship Ex : wildflowers and fish |
| R-Strategist | produce large numbers of offspring but provide few resources for their support, live in unpredictable environments Ex : fish |
| K-Strategist | produce relatively few young but invest considerable resources for their support, resources are predictable Ex : humans and elephants |
| What is the Population Size of an R-Selected Area? | environmental instability reduces population size before it approaches carrying capacity |
| What is the Population Size of a K Selected Area? | population size near carrying capacity due to density dependent factors |
Created by:
victoriabrotschol
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