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Terrestrial Eco.
Envi Test 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| How are Biomes Classified? | climate |
| Grass | photosynthetic tissue because little energy is required for support tissues (stems) |
| Shrubs | a plant with multiple woody, persistent stems (no central trunk), and a height of under 4m |
| Tree | will invest more resources in stems and other supporting structures, increased height and access to light |
| Deciduous Leaves | live for only a single year or growing season |
| Evergreen Leaves | leaves that live for beyond a year |
| Broadleaf Evergreen Forest | no distinct growing season, where growth continues year round |
| Needle Leaf Evergreen Forest | environment where growing season is very short (higher latitudes) |
| Tropical Rainforest | - dominated by broadleaf evergreen plants - rain forests are restricted to the equatorial zone between 10 degrees north and south - temperatures are warm throughout the year and rainfall occurs almost daily |
| Dry Tropical Rainforest | - undergoes a dry season - the farther from the equator, the longer the dry season will be - deciduous broadleaf trees |
| Savanna | - mainly grasses with trees or shrubs - warm temperatures with distinct seasonality in precipitation - mainly large herbivores |
| Grasslands | - occur in the midlatitudes in midconetnential regions where annual rain is reduced - dominated by grasses - evolved under selective pressure of grazing - decreased in land coverage bc grasslands are becoming farmlands |
| Desert | - lack precipitation - many lie between 15 and 30 degrees latitude - some temperate deserts lie in mountain rain shadows - occupy 25-35% of landmass |
| Deciduous Temperate Forest | - dominate wetter regions in temperate areas - higher annual rainfall |
| Conifer Forest | - cone bearing trees - snowy winters |
| Chaparral/Shrublands | - found along western margins between 30-40 latitude - hot, dry summers with 1 month of drought - often leads to fires - many species have seeds that require heat and scarring - cool, moist winters |
| Arctic Tundra | - high latitudes and cold temperatures |
| Alpine Tundra | - tundra occurs at lower latitudes in the higher mountains |
| What Vegetation is found in the Arctic Tundra? | - vegetation is seldom taller than 30cm - most growth is underground - roots to shoots ratio - 10:1 - animals - arctic fox and musk oxen - plants are photosynthetic 3 months out of the year - layers of permafrost |
| Characteristics of Alpine Tundra | - severe environment with strong winds, snow, cold, and fluctuating temperatures - marmots, mountain goats, and pika |
| Ecological Succession | the gradual change in species composition in a given terrestrial or aquatic system |
| Primary Succession | begins in environments that lack organic matter and have not been altered in any way Ex: lava field, rock outcrops, newly exposed glacial till |
| Secondary Succession | occurs at a location that was previously occupied by a community and then underwent a disturbance that removed existing community Ex: fire, tornado, logging |
| Facilitation | pioneer species modify environment making it more suitable for later species |
| Inhibition | competition determines succession |
| Tolerance | shade-tolerant species begin to flourish |
Created by:
victoriabrotschol
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