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Evolution

Envi Test 2

TermDefinition
Evolution the process through which life forms change genetically over time, species have evolved through natural selection
Natural Selection individuals with certain genetic traits are more likely to survive and reproduce under a specific set of environmental conditions
Adaptive Trait improves the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce compared to other individuals in the population
Heritable Trait passed from one generation to the next
Charles Darwin - collected fossils, plants, and animals - origin of species (1859) - studies galapagos islands - major theory : evolution occurs by the process of natural selection
Population a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time
Gene Pool collection of alleles in a population at one time
Allele different forms of a gene
What do we need for Evolution to Occur? selectional pressure (more offspring born then can survive) genetic variability fitness variation
Mutation changes in the coded genetic information on your DNA, constant copying of your DNA causes random changes
Evolutionary Tree a diagram that reflects evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms
Phylogenetic Tree diagram that shows how species are related to each other through common ancestors
Developing a Resistance example of natural selection at work, evolving to resist something that would harm you
Bilateral Symmetry divisible in symmetrical halves
Amniote an animal that develops in a fluid filled sac
Speciation when one species evolves into two or more different species
Geographic Isolation different groups of the same population of a species become physically isolated from one another for a long time
Reproductive Isolation mutations and changes in the gene pool from natural selection operate independently in the geographically isolated populations (evolved to be different and cant mate)
Artificial Selection scientists change the genetic characteristics of populations with similar genes
Genetic Engineering scientists manipulate genes in a laboratory setting - transfer segments of DNA with a desired trait from one species to another, or add, delete, or change sequences of DNA
Extinction an entire species ceases to exist
Endemic Species species found in only one area Ex: lemurs only in madagascar
What is the Estimated Species Extinction Rate? .0001% of all species per year (1 species lost for every 1 million on earth per year)
Mass Extinction an event in which a large percentage of all living species become extinct in a relatively short period of time, there have been 5 so far
Popular Ecology sets

 

 



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