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Unit 2
Ecology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ecology | The scientific study of interactions among organisms |
| How many levels of Organizations are there? | 6 |
| Individual Organism | organisms are part of a species |
| Population | a group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area |
| Community | different populations that live together in a defined area |
| Ecosystem | all the organisms that live in a place, together with their physical environment |
| Biome | a large community of plants & animals that occupies a distinct region |
| Biosphere | all of the life on Earth and the part of Earth in which life exists including land, water, and air or atmosphere |
| Environment | all conditions or factors surrounding an organism. |
| Biotic Factors | any living part of the environment in which an organism might interact |
| Abiotic Factors | any nonliving part of the environment physical components of an ecosystem |
| Example of Biotic Factors | animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria |
| Example of Abiotic Factors | sunlight, precipitation, wind, and soil types |
| Primary Producers | the first producers of energy-rich compounds that are later used by other organisms |
| Autotrophs | an organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food. |
| How do Autotrophs make food? | photosynthesis |
| Photosynthesis | process used by autotrophs to capture light energy to power chemical reactions producing food energy (carbohydrates) |
| Chemosynthesis | process in which chemical energy is used to produce carbohydrates |
| Consumers | organisms that rely on other organisms for energy and nutrients |
| Consumers are also called? | heterotrophs |
| Heterotrophs | organisms that obtain food by consuming other things |
| How many consumers are there? | 6 |
| Carnivores | consumers that kill and eat other animals. |
| Herbivores | consumers that obtain nutrients by eating plant leaves, roots, seeds, or fruits. |
| Omnivores | consumers that eat plants and animals. |
| Scavengers | animals that consume the carcasses of other animals. |
| Detritivores | consumers that feed on detritus (waste). |
| Decomposers | feed by chemically, breaking down organic matter and producing detritus. |
| Food Chain | Shows one path of the flow of energy in an ecosystem. Describes the feeding relationship between a producer and a single chain of consumers in an ecosystem. |
| Food Web | A model that shows the energy flow through many different organisms in an ecosystem. Consists of many overlapping food chains in an ecosystem. |
| Keystone Species | Population of a single species can cause dramatic changes in the structure in the community. |
| Symbiosis | Any relationship in which two species live closely together . |
| Mutualism | Both species benefit from the relationship. |
| Parasitism | One species benefits while the other is harmed. |
| Commensalism | One organism is benefited and the other organism is neither harmed or benefited. |
| Ecological Pyramid Models | A pyramid is used to illustrate the structure of the trophic levels in a food chain. |
| Pyramid of Numbers | Compares the number of organisms at each trophic level in a food chain. |
| Biomass Pyramid | Total dry weight (without water) of organisms in a food chain. Mass/Area |
| Energy Pyramid | shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food chain or web. The greatest amount of energy is available at the producer level. Only 10% of the trophic levels energy is transferred to the next level. |
| Energy enters the ecosystem as? | SUNLIGHT |
Created by:
spippin07
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