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биология егэ

основные положения биологических теорий

TermDefinition
клеточная теория (Т. Шванн, М. Шлейдер, Р. Вирхов) \4 пункта -всё состоит из клеток и их производных -клетка-единица развития всех живых организмов -сходство в хим.составе и обмене веществ -активность организма слагается из активностей составляющих его самостоятельных клеточных единиц
хромосомная теория наследственности (Т. Морган) \3 пункта -гены расположены в хромосомах линейно, в пределах 1 хромосомы образуют 1 группу сцепления. их число равно гаплоидному числу хром-ом -в мейозе м\у гомологичными хромосомами может произойти кроссинговер, частота коего пропорциональна расстоянию м\у генами
синтетическая теория эволюции, теория антропогенеза \5 пунктов -популяция-единица эволюции -материал эволюции-гены и их сочетания (генотипы) -главный движущий фактор эволюции-естественный отбор -не имеет конечной цели -изменение генов накапливается в поколениях
Created by: trisie
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