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Biology
1st Biology Quiz
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Living organism | Meets all of the criteria given in the characteristics of life |
| Non-living organism | Meets some/few of the criteria given in the characteristics of life |
| Reproduction | Living things can produce offspring in two ways: asexual/sexual reproduction. Reproduction always produces offspring |
| Asexual Reproduction | Does not require fertilization or gamete formation and only one party is involved. Happens much faster than sexual reproduction. Binary fission, budding, and fragmentation are examples. |
| Sexual Reproduction | Requires fertilization of an egg cell by a sperm cell. Trad. sex doesn't need to happen. Takes longer than asexual reproduction, and usually happens during a specific season. |
| Movement | Living thing has capability of movement. Movement only requires temporary displacement of body/its parts. |
| Locomotion | Displacement of entire body (i.e: walking, running, swimming) |
| Complexity | Living things always have at least 1 cell. Complexity varies from organism to organism. |
| Unicellular Organism | Only has one cell, can be prokaryotes or eukaryotes, and are usually microscopic. Examples: brewers yeast, e.coli, diatom |
| Multicellular Organism | Has multiple cells, is complex, cannot be prokaryotic, and the cells are to varying degrees integrated/dependent |
| Environment | Organisms are able to adapt to their environment/depend upon it often. Living things use their environment to fill all of their basic needs |
| Responsiveness | Organisms will respond to stimuli. For example, if a bird is approached by a predator, it will respond accordingly. If a venus fly trap senses prey, it will act accordingly. |
| Basic Needs | In order to survive, a living thing needs food, water, and shelter. |
| Growth/Development | Growth is defined as the development of a person's weight, age, size, and habits. Development refers to the process wherein a living thing's growth is visible in relation to physical, environmental, and social factors. |
| Respiration | The action of breathing. Cellular and organismal respiration. Cellular: anything made up of cells has this going on. Organismal: respiration done by an organism. |
| Homeostasis | A regulative system where an organism maintains its stability. Balance, equilibrium, and how the organism maintains that state. Chemical, thermoregulation, and osmoregulation are forms of maintaining homeostasis. |
| Nutrition | How an organism gets its energy and where it gets from. Plants get their energy from the sun, autotrophs. |
| Metabolism | Converting food into energy. Goes from food to digestion which turns into energy. Photosynthesis is a metabolic process. The sum of all of the chemical activities in a cell. Calories are combined with oxygen to release energy. |
| Organism | The scientific term for a living thing |
| Prokaryotic | All prokaryotic organisms are unicellular, but not all unicellular organisms are prokaryotic. These cells are simple, lacking a true nucleus and other membrane bound organelles. DNA is located within the cytoplasm. |
| Nucleoid region | What the area inside the cell with DNA in it is called (prokaryotic) |
| Eukaryotes | More complex, have a true nucleus, and membrane bound organelles. Examples include: mitochondria, nucleus, lysosomes, golgi apparatus |
| Growth | Results in an increase in size and number of cells. |
| Development | All the physical changes to a cell and organism |
| Nutrition | refers to the process by which organisms obtain energy/food |
| Autotrophs | Plants & trees use the energy directly from the sun to make their own food mostly through a process called photosynthesis. |
| Heterotrophs | obtain energy by feeding on other organisms. |
| Respond to Stimuli | Stimuli are internal and external changes. Unicellular and multicellular organisms need to be able to respond to these changes. |
| Catabolic | reactions break down large molecules into smaller molecules. (type of metabolic reaction) |
| Anabolic | reactions build large molecules from smaller ones. These reactions require energy. (type of metabolic reaction) |
| Organismal respiration | the exchange of gases between the organism and its environment. |
| Cellular respiration | the exchange of gases between a cell and the surroundings. |
| Adaptation | the process by which a species becomes fitted to its environment. |
Created by:
camikari
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