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Lang Dis Exam 1
Illinois State CSD 321
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 5 domains of language +bonus? | phonology, semantics, morphology, syntax, pragmatics, + proxemics |
| What is typical early phonological development? | -crying, vegetative sounds -cooing (3 mo), laughing (3.5 mo), vocal play (3.5 mo) -reduplicated babbling (6 mo) -variegated babbling |
| What are some early speech sound errors? | voicing: voiced initial, unvoiced end (time->dipe) manner: stops, plosives, & stopplosives place: fronting |
| What is typical later phonological development? | -phonological complexity of children's words increase over time -liquids, clusters, and fricatives emerge -"most kids have most sounds by age 4" |
| What are some later speech sound errors? | cluster reduction, liquid gliding (or other liquid errors), & fricative errors |
| What is typical early semantic development? | -first words at 12 mo -fast-mapping and probabilistic -babies understand emotions and intent before meaning. -respond to name at 4 mo -first words = parents names, no, preferred foods, preferred items, onomatopoeia -50 words by 18 mo 200 words by 24 |
| How does early semantic development occur? | QUIL (Quick Incidental Learning) and Probabilistic Learning |
| What is typical later semantic development? | -approx. 10K words @ K, approx. 40K words @ HS grad, approx. 60K words @ college grad |
| How does later semantic development occur? | Abstract, Literate, and Morphologically Complex Vocabulary |
| What is typical early morphological development? | -use inflectional morphemes during second year -first = plural -s and -ing |
| What is typical later morphological development? | -school aged kids rely heavily on derivational morphemes for vocabulary acquisition -English contains more that 100 affixes |
| What is the difference between derivational and inflectional morphemes? | derivational morphemes change the gramatical category of the word (teach -> teacher) and inflectional just changes the meaning (tall -> taller). |
| What is typical early syntactic development? | -kids begin combining words when they have 50 words in their expressive vocab (about 18 mo) -early sentences often fit into predictable categories -browns morphemes -MLU is about = to age |
| What is typical later syntactic development? 1/2 | -MLU >10 for adolescents in expository tasks -growth driven by syntactic complexity: subordinate clauses, relative clauses, noun clauses, adverbial clauses, elaborated noun phrases |
| What are locutionary, illiocutionary, and perlocutionary acts? | loccutionary: what is said illocutionary: what the speaker means pelocutionary: what the listener does with the information. |
| What is typical early pragmatic development? 1/2 | -com intent, preverbal: directing another's attention, requesting, protesting, greetings/farewells, responding (carrying out action), turn taking. -com intent, verbal: all of the above + labeling, commenting continue on the next slide |
| What is typical later pragmatic development? | -improved topic management skills -awareness of register (location and social atmosphere determines pragmatics), ability to codeswitch -use of language for multiple purposes (conversation, narrative, exposition) |
| What is typical narrative development? | -heaps (2 years) -sequences (2-3 years) -primitive narrative (3-4 years) -unfocused chains (4-4.5 years) -focused chains (5 years) -true narrative |
| What is typical metalinguistic development? toddlers and preschoolers | toddlers: repair, practice, adjust their language preschoolers: check on others' understanding, comment on their own and others' utterances, correct others, practice new sounds/words |
| What is typical literacy development? Baby/Toddler and Early Preschooler | baby/toddler: attends to books, turns pages, scribbles, uses jargon to "read", recites favorite bits, notices adult errors early preschooler: makes letter-like shapes, recites longer phrases/stories, shows interest in books and print |
| What should we know about second language acquisition? | -learning two languages in early childhood is normal -circumstantial v elective -simultaneous vs sequential -additive vs subtractive -efficiency principle |
| What is typical play development? | -solitary play -spectator play -parallel play -associative play -cooperative play |
| What is typical cognitive development? | -sensorimotor -pre-operational: age 7 7=age of reasoning -concrete operational: 7-10 years still difficult to form abstract idea -formal operational: develop abstract ideas |
| What is the Biological Maturation Theory? | nature, language arises from sections of brain, genetics + environmental influences, brain structures and functional MRI, pruning |
| What is the Linguistic Innateness Theory? | nature, Chomsky, LAD, universal grammar, "part of what makes us human", recursion, kids only need a tiny bit of exposure, problematic af |
| What is Behaviorist Theory? | nurture, BF Skinner, language due to consequences, result of opperant conditioning, cons: blurs intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, doesn't explain why kids are able to develop language they have never heard before |
| What is Connectionist (Information Processing) Theory? | language and cognition go hand in hand, use same strategy for language acquisition as you do for other skills, plasticity after head injury, capacity to teach language to computers |
| What is Constructionist Theory? | Piaget, Schema (set of rules that govern our understanding of how things are gonna go), language driven by higher level cognitive processes |
| What is Social Interactionist Theory? | Vygotsky, people around us shape our ability, scaffolding, MKO: more knowledgeable other, ZPD: Zone of Proximal Development |
| What is Cognitive Emotional Theory? | Greenspan, focus on well being as driver for cognition, healthy brain structures and healthy relationships, can't learn in the absence of emotional security |
| What is typical early pragmatic development? 2/2 | -budding skills: awareness of presuppositions (comprehension of appropriate level of background to explain), repair strategies (both influenced by theory of mind) and paralinguistic info. |
| What is typical metalinguistic development? school-age | school-age: judge appropriateness (grammatical and social) of language,break sentences into parts, define words, construct puns and riddles. |
| What is typical literacy development? Mid-Primary and Secondary | mid-primary 4th grade: learning to read -> reading to learn, self correction improves, written work is comprehensible late-primary/secondary: able to analyze ideas in text, critical reading emerges |
| What is typical literacy development? Late Preschooler and Primary | late preschooler: connects print with spoken language, begins reading environmental print, writes some letters primary: decodes words, understands that words are made of sounds, learns some sight words, begins to write |
| What is typical later syntactic development? 2/2 | -verb complexity increases: progressive verbs, modal verbs, perfect aspect, subjunctive mood, passive voice, verbals -pronoun complexity: reflexive, indefinite pronouns, interrogative/relative pronouns |
Created by:
hannah.hogue
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