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Digestive System
Stage 1 Biology (digestive system and enzymes)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| chemical digestion | enzymes in the saliva, stomach and small intestine break down food |
| mechanical digestion | teeth and muscle action break down food |
| absorption | small molecule products of digestion enter the bloodstream |
| salivary glands | produce saliva containing enzymes to start breaking down starch |
| oesophagus | pushes food from the mouth to the stomach |
| stomach | chemically and mechanically digests food |
| pancreas | produces pancreatic juice to chemically digest food |
| liver | produces bile that breaks up lipids |
| gallbladder | stores bile |
| duodenum | chemically digests carbs, proteins and lipids |
| lipids | fats |
| small intestine | where most nutrients are absorbed from food |
| colon/large intestine | removes water and salts from partially digested food |
| rectum | stores and expels faeces |
| enzymes | chemically break down food |
| amylase | breaks down starch and carbs into sugars |
| protease | breaks down proteins into amino acids |
| lipase | breaks down lipids into fatty acids |
| villi | tiny, hair like structures that line the small intestine that absorb nutrients |
| microvilli | increase the surface area so each villi can absorb the maximum amount of nutrients |
| correct order of food path | oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine |
| enzymes | Proteins that speed up chemical reactions |
| factors that increase enzyme activity | pH, temperature, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration |
Created by:
justineforrest
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