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SJCC Bio Ch 10
Holt Modern Biology Chapter 10 Vocabulary Flashcards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Adenine | A nitrogen-containing base that is a component of a nucleotide |
| Base-Pairing Rule | The rule stating that in DNA, cytosine pairs with guanine and adenine pairs with thymine, and in RNA adenine pairs with uracil |
| Complimentary Base Pair | Pairs of nitrogen containing bases |
| Cytosine | A nitrogen-containing base; a pyrimidine of DNA and RNA |
| Deoxyribose | The five carbon sugar found in DNA |
| DNA Polymerase | An enzyme that binds to the separated strands of DNA and assembles each strand's complement in replication |
| Double Helix | Characteristic twisted ladder shape of DNA |
| Guanine | A nitrogen containing base that is a component of a nucleotide |
| Helicase | An enzyme that separates DNA strands before replication |
| Mutation | A change in DNA |
| Nitrogen-containing base | A DNA nucleotide containing nitrogen, a sugar molecule, and a phosphate group |
| Purine | An organic molecule that has a double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms |
| Pyrimidine | An organic molecule that has a single ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms |
| Replication | A process by which DNA copies itself during interphase |
| Replication Fork | The points at which the DNA strands separate during replication |
| Thymine | A nitrogen-containing base, one component of a nucleotide |
| Messenger RNA | A type of RNA that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes |
| Promoter | A nucleotide sequence on a DNA molecule that , when attached to an RNA polymerase molecule, will initiate transcription of a specific structural gene |
| Ribose | The five carbon sugar in RNA |
| Ribosomal RNA | The type of RNA found in a ribosome |
| RNA Polymerase | The primary transcription enzyme |
| Termination Signal | The specific sequence of nucleotides that marks the end of a gene in eukaryotes |
| Transcription | The process in which RNA is made from DNA |
| Transfer RNA | The type of RNA that carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes |
| Uracil | A nitrogen-containing base found in RNA |
| Anticodon | A region of tRNA consisting of three bases complementary to the codon of mRNA |
| Codon | A group of three sequential nitrogen bases of an mRNA molecule |
| Genetic Code | The correlation between the sequence of nucleotides in DNA and the order of amino acids in a protein |
| Protein Synthesis | The formation of proteins using information coded on DNA and carried by RNA |
| Start Codon | The codon AUG which engages a ribosome to start translating an mRNA molecule |
| Stop Codon | Causes the ribosome to stop translating mRNA |
| Translation | The process of converting the genetic code in RNA into the amino acid sequence that makes up a protein |
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