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BIO 2022
Plants + human bio
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ecology | study of the relationships between living organisms and their physical environment |
| Ecosystem | all the living organisms and their physical environment |
| Biome | large area characterized by its vegetation, soil, climate and wildlife |
| Community | all the living organisms in an ecosystem at a particular time |
| Population | number of organisms of one species living in an ecosystem at a given time |
| Habitat | the place where an organism lives |
| Predator | An animal that hunts other animals for food |
| Prey | An organism that is killed and eaten by another organism |
| Mutualism | benefit to both species |
| Parasitism | one organism benefits and the other is harmed |
| Commensalism | one organism benefits and the other is unaffected |
| Symbiosis | any relationship or interaction between two dissimilar organisms |
| Niche | An organism's role in an ecosystem |
| E.g of commensalism | A cow and a bird, as the cow digs up insects and the bird eats them. |
| E.g. Of parasitism | Mosquito and human |
| e.g. of mutualism | Cleaning birds remove ticks from rhinos |
| Trophic Level | Each step in a food chain or food web |
| Terrestrial | living organisms that live and grow on land |
| Aquatic | living organisms that live and grow in the water |
| Autotroph | organism that makes their own food |
| Heterotroph | organism that feed off others |
| Producer | An organism that can make its own food. (using energy from the sun) |
| Consumers | An organism that obtains energy and nutrients by feeding on other organisms or their remains. |
| Decomposers | Organisms that break down the dead remains of other organisms |
| Carnivores | Consumers that eat only animals |
| scavengers | an organism that feeds on the dead bodies of other organisms. |
| Omnivores | eat both plants and animals |
| Food chains | a simple model that shows how matter and energy move through the different trophic levels of an ecosystem |
| Food webs | show all of the possible feeding relationships in a community at each trophic level. It represents a network of interconnected food chains. |
| Biomass | total amount mass within a given trophic level |
| Chemical Energy | Energy stored in chemical bonds |
| productivity pyramid | energy transfer from one trophic level to the next |
| Number Pyramid | represents the number of organisms at each trophic level (as you move up the number of organisms decrease) |
| Biomass Pyramid | Diagram representing the biomass in each trophic level of an ecosystem |
| Energy | amount of fuel that an organism represents to its predator or consumer. Enters ecosystems as light energy but passed along the food chain as chemical energy |
| Regeration | replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells |
| Succession | the process by which the structure of a biological community evolves over time |
| Germination | sprouting of a seed usually after a period of dormancy |
| Lignotuber | a swollen underground stem of eucalypts that can resist fire |
| Epicormic Growth | growth of new shoots from the stems of trees and shrubs after fires |
| Drought | a prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall |
| Photosynthesis | Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy. |
| Photosynthesis equation | Carbon dioxide + Water + Sunlight = glucose + oxygen |
| ATP | (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work |
| Salinity | A measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of liquid |
| Erosion | earthen materials are worn away and transported by natural forces such as wind or water |
| Osmosis | movement of water across membrane from high to low concentration |
| Transpiration | the emission of water vapor from the leaves of plants |
| Xylem | carries water and dissolved minerals from roots of plant |
| Phloem | carries the food made in the leaves from photosynthesis to all other parts of the plant |
| Waxy Cuticle | waxy layer that covers the outermost tissue layer of a plant (protects water loss from evaporation) |
| Southern Oscillation | major air pressure shift between Asia and east pacific regions (Best known extreme is El Nino) |
| Limiting Factors | anything that constrains a population's size and slows or stops it from growing |
| Predation | An interaction in which one organism kills another for food. |
| Disease | illness or sickness characterised by specific signs or symptoms |
| Human Impacts | the way humans impact the physical environment |
| Neuron | a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses, a nerve cell. |
| Axon | sends messages from the cell body to dendrites of other Neurons (nervous system) |
| Dendrites | receive messages from other neurons. (Nervous System) |
| Synapse | junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap where impulses pass by. (Nervous System) |
| Central Nervous System (CNS) | the complex of nerve tissues that controls the activities of the body. (includes the brain & spinal cord) |
| Myelin Sheath | covers the axon to protect it and help messages travel faster and easier. (Nercous System) |
| Cell body | in charge of the neurons' activities |
| Reflex arc | the nerve pathway involved in a reflex action |
| Sensory Neuron | the nerve cells that are activated by sensory input from the environment |
| Relay neuron | allows sensory and motor neurons to communicate with each other |
| Motor Neuron | nerve cell forming part of a pathway along which impulses pass from the brain or spinal cord to a muscle or gland |
| Receptor | detects a change in the environment (stimulus) and stimulate electrical impulses in response |
| Stimulus | a signal to which an organism responds |
| Effector | an organ (gland or cell) that acts in response to a stimulus |
| reflex | an automatic action the body does in response to something |
| Hormone | Chemical messengers |
| Pituitary | at the base of the brain; stimulates growth and controls functions of other glands |
| Thyroid | a gland, which is an organ that makes special chemicals called hormones |
| Adrenal | manage blood sugar levels, they regulate the balance of salt and potassium |
| Glucose | main source of energy for the body's cells |
| Homeostasis | a state of balance among all the body systems |
| Negative Feedback | A type of regulation that responds to a change in conditions by initiating responses that will counteract the change |
| Hypothalamus | area of the brain that produces hormones that controls, body temperature, heart rate and hunger |
| Pancreas | an organ that produces enzymes that are important for digestion |
| Glycogen | stored form of glucose |
| Insulin | a hormone that controls the amount of sugar in the blood by moving it into the cells |
| Glucagon | the hormone that helps regulate your blood glucose levels |
| Type 1 Diabetes | a chronic condition where the pancreas produces little or no insulin |
| Type 2 Diabetes | a chronic condition where the body either produces no insulin or becomes resistant to insulin |
| Gestational Diabetes | a form of high blood sugar affecting pregnant women |
| Kidney | It is an organ in the abdomen that removes waste and extra water from the blood to help keep chemicals balanced. |
| Cortex | outer layer of the kidney, that protects the inner structures of the kidney |
| medulla | inner portion of kidney, composed of collecting tubules that empty into the renal pelvis |
| Nephron | millions of microscopic tubes in the kidney that filter blood and produce urine |
| Osmoreceptor | A receptor in the central nervous system that responds to changes in the osmotic pressure in the blood |
| Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) | A hormone that is produced in the part of the brain called the hypothalamus that acts on the kidneys to control the amount of water excreted in the urine. |
| Pathogen | disease causing organism |
| Phagocytosis | the process by which a phagocyte surrounds and destroys foreign substances and removes dead cells. |
| phagocyte | A white blood cell that destroys pathogens by engulfing them and breaking them down |
| Antibodies | part of the body's immune system and help eliminate disease |
| Antigen | any substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it. |
| Lymphocytes | A type of white blood cell that make antibodies to fight off infections |
| Reflex | an automatic action the body does in response to something |
Created by:
seagul
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