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Homeostasis +
Homeostasis + Transport
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| passive transport | A type of cellular transport in which ions and molecules move down their respective concentration gradients. The substance tends to move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
| active transport | A type of cellular transport in which substances (e.g. ions, glucose, and amino acids) are transported across a biological membrane towards the region that already contains a lot of such substances. Active transport uses chemical energy (e.g. ATP). |
| concentration gradient | Concentration gradient refers to the gradual change in the concentration of solutes in a solution as a function of distance through a solution. |
| equilibrium | The condition in which all acting influences are balanced or canceled by equal opposing forces, resulting in a stable system. |
| diffusion | Diffusion is the net passive movement of molecules or particles from regions of higher to regions of lower concentration. |
| osmosis | Osmosis is the net movement of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane. It is similar to diffusion as the movement is downhill, meaning from higher to lower concentration. |
| hypertonic solution | A solution that contains a higher amount of solute as compared with the solute concentration in the other solution across a semipermeable membrane. |
| hypotonic solution | A solution that contains a lower amount of solute as compared with the solute concentration in the other solution across a semipermeable membrane. |
| isotonic solution | Solutions that have equivalent or identical osmotic pressure. |
| ion channel | Transmembrane proteins of cells, that allows ions to pass only under defined circumstances. |
| carrier protein | A type of cell membrane protein involved in facilitated diffusion and active transport of substances out of or into the cell. |
| facilitated diffusion | The transport of substances across a biological membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration with the help of a transport molecule. Chemical energy is not directly required. |
| sodium-potassium pump | A transmembrane ATPase enzyme located in the plasma membrane of animal cells, and functions by pumping sodium out and pumping potassium into the cell. |
| endocytosis | Endocytosis is a cellular process by which a cell internalizes any material (liquid as well as solid) from the external environment. |
| exocytosis | When materials leave the cell by the membrane “spitting it out”. |
| vesicle | An intracellular membranous sac that is separated from the cytosol by at least one lipid bilayer. |
| plasmolysis | The shrinking of protoplasm away from the cell wall of a plant or bacterium. |
| turgor pressure | The pressure that is exerted by water inside or outside of the wall of a cell. |
| pinocytosis | The ingestion of the fluid surrounding the cell, together with its contents of small dissolved molecules. |
| cytolysis | The osmotic bursting of a cell membrane when the cell can no longer contain the excessive inflow of water. |
| phagocytosis | The process of engulfing of particles by the cell to form a food vacuole where the engulfed material is eventually digested. |
| crenation | The process where the cell shrinks by osmosis because H2O leaves the cell. The solution is HYPERtonic relative to the cell. |
Created by:
TMcKechnie
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