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Plant/Soil Ch5 Buss

Buss Ch 5 Vocab

TermDefinition
Soil Air Unlike the other components, it is constant state of motion from the soil pores into the atmosphere and from the atmosphere into the pore space.
Pore spaces The pore space of soil contains the liquid and gas phases of soil, i.e., everything but the solid phase that contains mainly minerals of varying sizes as well as organic compounds.
igneous rocks Rock that is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
sedimentary rocks types of rock that are formed by the accumulation or deposition of mineral or organic particles at Earth's surface, followed by cementation.
metamorphic rocks Rocks that started out as some other type of rock, but have been substantially changed from their original form by heat and pressure.
parent material the geologic material from which soil horizons form.
weathering the process of wearing or being worn by long exposure to the atmosphere.
Horizon a layer parallel to the soil surface whose physical, chemical and biological characteristics differ from the layers above and beneath.
soil profile the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil.
glacial till unsorted glacial sediment that comes from the erosion and entrainment of material by the moving ice of a glacier.
Sand granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles
soil organic matter the organic component of soil, consisting of three primary parts including small (fresh) plant residues and small living soil organisms, decomposing (active) organic matter, and stable organic matter (humus).
A horizon topsoil: Layer of mineral soil with most organic matter accumulation and soil life. Top ten inches below two inches of surface litter.
B Horizon Subsoil: This layer normally has less organic matter. typically 30 inches deep.
C Horizon Substratum: Layer of non-indurated poorly weathered or unweathered rocks.
E Horizon Eluviation layer - Sand and silt, with minerals bleached out. Found below A horizon and above B horizon.
silt granular material of a size between sand and clay and composed mostly of broken grains of quartz.
loam soil composed mostly of sand, silt, and a smaller amount of clay. By weight, its mineral composition is about 40–40–20% concentration of sand–silt–clay, respectively.
soil structure the way individual particles of sand, silt, and clay are assembled. Single particles when assembled appear as larger particles (aggregates) . Aggregation of soil particles can occur in different patterns, resulting in different soil structures.
soil texture the proportion of sand, silt and clay sized particles that make up the mineral fraction of the soil.
cation exchange capacity [CEC] a property of a soil that describes its capacity to supply nutrient cations to the soil solution for plant uptake.
anion a negatively charged ion
Saline soils the salt content in the soil; the process of increasing the salt content is known as salinization.
sodic soils a soil with an exchangeable sodium of greater than 6% of the cation exchange capacity.
humus the organic component of soil, formed by the decomposition of leaves and other plant material by soil microorganisms.
Created by: BenO'Dell
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