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Genetics 300 Ch. 5

Extensions and Modifications of Basic Principles

QuestionAnswer
exceptions to mendel's laws mendels traits showed 2 distinct forms, most genes do not exhibit simple inheritance, genotypic ratios persist but phenotypic ratios may vary b/c of interactions
Varying Phenotypic Ratios vary due to interactions between alleles, other genes, non nuclear genes, segregation of genes on same chrom and environment
codominance phenotype of heterozygote include phenotype of both homozygotes
variable expressivity phenotype varying in expressivity. indiv with same genotype for cystic fibrosis have varying levels of symptoms
incomplete penetrance phenotype is not always observed among individuals carrying genotype opposite constant expressivity EX. polydactyl allele
Polydactyl humans express this with incomplete penetrance as many with the allele do not have the extra digit. Also displays variable expressivity as some people have a complete addition finger while others have a skin tag
Fruit Color of Pepper 2 loci involved, each loci has 2 alleles. each loci encode enzymes responsible for different colors. different loci influence different steps in common biochemical pathway
Gene Interaction arises often because of product of one enzyme affects the substrate of another enzyme.
epistasis one gene affects the expression (masks) of a second gene at another locus. similar to dominance except this is at a DIFFERENT locus. ex. H gene is epistatic to ABO gene
H gene H protein attaches the A or B protein to cell surface. h genotype means no H protein. with out H, A or B can not attach
Recessive Epistasis the recessive ee of yellow labs masks
Created by: loveflyny
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