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Plant&Soil Buss Ch 7
Chapter 7 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| visible light | the wavelengths of light that are visible to most human eyes. |
| angle of incidence | angle at which light hits leaves. The closer to 90 degrees the more light is absorbed. |
| light quality | the relative number of photons of blue, green, red, far red and other portions of the light spectrum emitted from a light source. |
| photomorphogenesis | plant development controlled by the amount and quality of light, where plant growth patterns respond to the light spectrum. |
| phototropism | the orientation of a plant in response to light, either toward the source of light ( positive ) or away from it ( negative ). |
| photoperiodism | the response of an organism to seasonal changes in day length (either more hours of daylight in summer or less hours of daylight in winter) |
| long-day plants | plants that bloom only when they receive more than 12 hours of light. |
| day-neutral plants | Plants that form flowers regardless of day length |
| critical day length | The period of daylight, specific in length for any given species, that appears to initiate flowering in *long-day plants or inhibit flowering in *short-day plants. |
| chilling injury | Damage to plant parts caused by temperatures above the freezing point (32°F, 0°C). |
| turgid | When water moves into a plant cell, the vacuole gets bigger, pushing the cell membrane against the cell wall. The force of this increases the turgor pressure within the cell making it firm. This makes plants stand up and not wilt. |
| enzyme | chemicals in plants that make reactions faster in duration or make them easier to take place. |
| vegetative growth | the growth of leaves, stems and roots that are the sugar producing parts of the plant. |
| determinate growth | growth of a stem that stops once a certain structure has completely formed (for example, a reproductive organ). |
| indeterminant growth | growth of a stem that continues indefinitely. |
| annuals | plants that complete their life cycle — seeds, growth, flowering, and death — in a single growing season. |
| biennials | flowering plants that have a two-year biological cycle. Plant growth begins with seeds producing the root structure, stems, and leaves. During the second season, growth completes with the formation of flowers, fruit, and seeds |
| perennials | plants that live three years or more. Usually, the top foliage dies back to the ground each winter and then regrows the successive spring from the existing root system. |
| growing degree days | used to estimate the growth and development of plants during the growing season. |
| circadian rhythms | these tell the plant what season it is and when to flower for the best chance of attracting pollinators. |
| forcing | a process in which the gardener makes the plant begin its reproductive cycle, forcing it to flower usually in a greehouse. This is also known as photo-manipulation, |
| pollination | process where pollen from a flower's anthers (male part) rubs or drops onto a pollinator. The pollinator then take this pollen to another flower, where the pollen sticks to the stigma (the female part). |
| self-pollination | the pollination of a flower by pollen from the same flower or from another flower on the same plant. |
| cross-pollination | pollination of a flower or plant with pollen from another flower or plant. |
| pollen tube | a hollow tube which develops from a pollen grain when deposited on the stigma of a flower. It penetrates the style and moves the male gametes to the ovule. |
| sperm | male gamete cell that forms at the tip of a pollen tube that has grown out of a pollen grain. |
| fertilization | combination of the male and female gametes to form a zygote. |
| polar nuclei | Two haploid nuclei inside the embryo sac of a flowering plant which fuse with another nucleus (1 of 2 sperm nuclei) to form the triploid endosperm. |
| endosperm | the part of a seed which acts as a food store for the developing plant embryo, usually containing starch with protein and other nutrients. |
| double fertilization | reproduction in plants using two sperm cells; one fertilizes the egg cell to form the zygote, while the other fuses with the two polar nuclei that form the endosperm. |
| plant growth regulator | chemicals used to modify plant growth such as increasing branching, suppressing shoot growth, increasing return bloom, removing excess fruit, or altering fruit maturity. |
| auxins | a plant hormone which causes the elongation of cells in shoots and is involved in regulating plant growth. |
| gibberelins | any of a group of plant hormones that stimulate stem elongation, germination, and flowering. |
| cytokinins | a group of plant growth regulators which are primarily involved in performing cell division in plant roots, shoot system. T |
| ethylene | a group of plant growth regulators which are primarily involved in performing cell division in plant roots, shoot system. |
| abscisic acid | a plant hormone that regulates numerous aspects of plant growth, development, and stress responses. |
| growth retardants | synthetic compounds, which are used to reduce the shoot length of plants in a desired way without changing developmental patterns |
Created by:
BenO'Dell
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