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HBS Set #3

HBS Set #3- Vocabulary about the digestive and nervous systems

TermDefinition
Digestive system Brings food and water into the body. Breaks down food into smaller molecules. Absorbs nutrients from food. Absorbs water. Removes any unused food as solid waste from the body.
Mechanical digestion The process of physically breaking food down into smaller pieces (examples: chewing, stomach churning)
Chemical digestion The process of using chemicals to break down food (examples: saliva, stomach acid)
Teeth Used to physically mash up food in the mouth
Mouth The part of the body where food enters and digestion begins
“Oral” A word meaning “mouth”
Saliva A chemical made in the mouth that used to break down carbohydrates using chemical digestion.
Esophagus The tube that connects the mouth to the stomach
Stomach An organ where food stored as it is physically and chemically broken down
Small intestine An organ that food passes through after leaving the stomach. It absorbs nutrients from our food into the body.
Absorption The process of bringing nutrients from the food into the body
Large intestine / colon An organ that food passes through after leaving the small intestine. It absorbs water and salt into the body.
Rectum/anus The exit of the digestive system. Once all useful water and nutrients have been absorbed from food, it exits the body as feces (poop) through the anus.
Pancreas A digestive organ that produces insulin. Insulin helps break down sugars through chemical digestion.
Liver An organ that filters any harmful or toxic products out of what we eat or drink.
Appendix A tiny organ attached to the large intestine. People used to think it was useless, but we now know it has bacteria that help us digest food.
Gal Bladder A digestive organ that produces bile, which helps break down fats through chemical digestion.
Calories A measurement of how much energy is contained in the food we eat.
Nutrients Anything that contains something used by an organism to survive and grow. Typically includes carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and more!
Nervous system Receives incoming information (stimulus) through sensory organs. Sends messages from the brain to the body (response).
Nerve A type of cell that move information in the body using electrical signals. These are the cells of the nervous system.
Brain The central organ of the nervous system. It processes all information, and is in charge of learning, thinking, and remembering things.
Spinal Cord A large bundle of nerves coming off of the bottom of the brain. These nerves connect the brain to the rest of the body.
CNS Central nervous system-- made up of the brain and spinal cord
PNS Peripheral nervous system-- made up of the nerves throughout your body that bring information from the body to the brain.
Motor neuron Nerves that connect the brain to muscles, allowing our brain to tell our body to move.
Stimulus Information coming into the body from your senses-- something you can sense.
Response How your body reacts to information coming in from your senses
Reaction Speed The amount of time it takes for your body to sense something and send out a response / reaction
Locomotion The ability to move-- in humans, many of our movements are controlled by the brain using motor neurons
Stroke A blood clot in the brain. This can cause brain cells to not receive blood, which will cause them to die. A stroke is very dangerous.
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