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Protein Synthesis

How is DNA used to create RNA which makes proteins in the cell.

QuestionAnswer
What is protein synthesis? The cell making proteins. When cells use DNA to create mRNA which is used by the ribosome to bring in tRNA that carries amino acids down to create a polypeptide chain, which then folds into a protein.
What order is protein synthesis create in? DNA - transcription - RNA - translation - Protein
DNA stands for : Deoxyribonucleic Acid
RNA stands for: Ribonucleic Acid
Polymer long chain of molecules with repeating monomers
What is the function of DNA? store genetic information that is used to synthesize all proteins in the body
What is the function of mRNA ? carry the messege of a complementary code from DNA to the ribosome to aid in translation
What is the function of tRNA ? to transfer amino acids to the ribosome to create a polypeptide chain
What nitrogen base pairs with cytosine in both DNA and RNA? The nitrogen base - Guanine
What nitrogen base pairs with adenine in DNA? The nitrogen base - Thymine
What nitrogen base pairs with adenine in RNA? The nitrogen base - Uracil
What are the three parts to a nucleotide? A sugar molecule, a phosphate molecule and a nitrogen base molecule
What is the difference between a DNA nucleotide and a RNA nucleotide? The sugar molecules are different. DNA = deoxyribose sugar molecule and RNA = ribose sugar molecule
What is a molecule? Group of two or more atoms bonded together
How many amino acids are there? 20 different amino acids that combine in different ways
What is a chain of amino acids bonded together by a peptide bond called? polypeptide chain
What happens to the polypeptide chain once it hits a STOP codon? It detaches and folds into a specific shape.
What do proteins do? Build structures, function body, provide defense for body and give us our traits.
How do we get a variety in traits? Our DNA is unique. Genes are transcribed to produce mRNA, which is used in translation by the ribosome that builds proteins based on the genetic code. Our genetic code in turn determines our types of proteins that build our traits.
Keratin, Enzymes and Collagen are examples of proteins. T or F? True
Which is a double strand of nulceotides, DNA or RNA? DNA - Double Helix Shape
Which has base pairs of nitrogen bases, DNA or RNA? DNA - base pairs A-T and C-G
Which is a single strand of linked nucleotides that is made by complementary bases, DNA or RNA? RNA
Process that uses DNA to build a complementary strand of nucleotides that will travel into the cytoplasm to a ribosome. Transcription - the "writing" of mRNA
Process that allows a ribsome to "read" mRNA in triple digit codons and brings in a corresponding tRNA with an anti-codon that carries an animo acid. Translatioin - translating from nitrogen bases to amino acids
Codons are located on which RNA, mRNA or tRNA? mRNA
Anti-codons are located on tRNA, true or false? True
Created by: Mrs.BaileySci
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