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Mendelian Genetics
9th Grade AP Biology: Chapter 8 of Holt Biology Texas Edition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe contribution of Mendel to foundation of modern genetics | He carried out experiments in which he bred different varieties of the Garden Pea; was 1st to develop rules that predict patterns of heredity, these patterns formed the basis of genetics |
| Monohybrid cross | A cross that involves one pair of contrasting traits. Ex: crossing a plant with purple flowers and a plant with white flowers is a monohybrid cross. |
| Three steps in which Mendel carried out his experiments | See page 164 |
| Mendelian Theory of Heredity | 1.For each inherited character, person has 2 copies of the gene, 1 from each parent; 2) There R alternate versions of genes -1 fr each parent; 3) When 2 different alleles occur together, one may be completely [INCOMPLETE FLASHCARD] |
| Alleles | There are different versions of genes, these are ALLELES. We receive an ALLELE from each parent; each ALLELLE can be passed on when we reproduce |
| What happens when two different alleles occur together? | One may be completely expressed while the other may have no obseravle effect on the organism's appearance. |
| Dominant | The expressed form of the character when two alleles occur together -- the one we see is the Dominant gene |
| Recessive | The trait that is not expressed when the dominant form of the character is present |
| Desribe the way gametes are produced during the process of Meiosis | See page 167 |
| Meiosis | incomplete |
| homozygous | if two alleles of a particular gene present in an individual are the same, then that person is said to be homozygous for that character |
| heterozygous | If the alleles of a particular gene present in an individual are different, the individual is heterozygous |
| What is the first law of hereditary? | The Law of Segregation |
| What does the first law of hereditary state? | It describes the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis. At this time, homologous chromosomes and then chromatids are separated. The first law states that THE TWO ALLELES FOR A CHARACTER SEGREGATE (separate) WHEN GAMETES ARE FORMED (see figure 4 pg 166 |