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AP CoGo Unit 1
Unit 1
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Empirical Statement | statements are based on facts and statistics |
Normative Statement | statement that makes a value judgement |
Correlation | when a change in one variable coincides with a change in the other, but isn't necessarily the cause |
Causation | one variable causes or influences another |
HDI | index of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development |
GDP | total amount of all goods and services produced within a country in a given year |
Government | a system that creates and enforces laws, makes decisions and maintains control |
Political Systems | how a government is organized, who has power to make decisions |
State | set of institutions that maintain control over a given territory |
Nation | group of people bound by common traits (such as race, language, religion, and ethnicity) and political identity or aspirations |
Regime | a political system with a specific pattern of relationship between the state, society, market, and the world (how it works) |
Sovereignty | Legal right and ability (power) of a state to carry out actions & policies within its territory. |
Rule of Law | all the laws set in place in a society that supersedes the actions and statements of original rulers (everyone is under the law) |
Rule By Law | the government uses the law to control citizens |
Power | Ability to direct the behavior of others through coercion, persuasion, or leadership. |
Authority | Legal right exercise power on behalf of society and/or gov't |
Federal | formal division of power between national and subnational levels of government |
Unitary | powers held by subnational levels of government are delegated by the central government, and no powers are reserved to the subnational level |
Devolution | the decentralization of national/central power to local units of government. |
Legitimacy | the right and acceptance of an authority, usually a governing law or a regime |
Coercion | Another word for force, whether that be through surveillance of the populous or brute force. |
Transparency | when a government allows citizens several points of access for obtaining information about governmental actions. |