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GENETICS

Concept 1 & 2 Vocabulary

TermDefinition
Nucleic Acid The macromolecule that holds our genetic material (DNA).
Nucleotide The basic building block of nucleic acids. A nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base.
Chromosome Tightly coiled strands of DNA. (Humans have 23 pairs or 46 total chromosomes.)
Gene A section of DNA that has instructions to code for a protein.
Protein Synthesis The process of reading the instructions in DNA to make polypeptide.
Polypeptide a chain of amino acids; can bind to others and fold into a protein
Transcription Carry the code/instructions out of the nucleus
Genetic Code Code of instructions for how to make proteins
Codon A set of 3 nucleotides on the mRNA
Anticodon "complementary" 3 nucleotides on tRNA
Amino Acid monomer (building block) for making proteins, held together by peptide bonds
Translation interpreting the RNA message into a polypeptide to make a protein
Epigenetics The study of changes in gene expression that are heritable (transmissible from parent to offspring)
Created by: Mrs.Coons
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