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Ecology Vocabulary
(GCSE Standard) must-know terms for ecology & the environment
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Population | All organisms of one species living in a certain area at a certain time |
Community | All populations living in a certain area at a certain time |
Habitat | Area and sources used by a certain species |
Ecosystem | Community that includes abiotic (and biotic) factors, interactions between organisms and food chains and webs |
Biotic factor | Biological (living) factor affecting an ecosystem, such as food supply and predation |
Abiotic factor | Physical or chemical (non-living) factor affecting an ecosystem, such as temperature changes and rainfall |
Producer | Organism that makes its own food (plant) |
Primary Consumer | Organism that feeds on producers (herbivore) |
Secondary Consumer | Organism that feeds on primary consumers (carnivore) |
Tertiary Consumer | Organism that feeds on secondary consumers (omnivore) |
Biodiversity | Amount of variation shown by organisms in an ecosystem, including the amount of species and the abundance of each species. |
Decomposer | Organism (bacterium or fungus) that breaks down dead organism remains and organic substances |
Trophic level | Feeding level in a food chain or a food web |
Food chain | Diagram that shows the feeding relationships and energy transfer in an ecosystem |
Food web | Diagram that shows how several food chains are linked |
Pyramid of Number | Diagram representing the amount of organisms at each trophic level |
Pyramid of Biomass | Diagram representing the total dry mass of organisms at each trophic level |
Pyramid of Energy | Diagram representing the amount of energy transferred at each trophic level |
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria | Bacteria that convert nitrogen gas into ammonia, and are found in soil and root nodules of legumes |
Root Nodules | Bumps on roots of legumes that contain nitrogen fixing bacteria |
Nitrifying Bacteria | Bacteria that convert ammonia into nitrates |
Denitrifying Bacteria | Bacteria that convert useful nitrates into nitrogen gas |