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SOCY-121 Chapter 9
Race
Question | Answer |
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Race | a group of people who share a set of characteristics- typically, but not always, physical ones- and are said to share a common bloodline |
Racism | the belief that members of separate races possess different and unequal traits |
Scientific Racism | 19th Century theories of race that characterize a period of feverish investigation into the origins, explanations, and classifications of race |
Ontological equality | the philosophical and religious notion that all people are created equal |
Social Darwinism | the application of darwinan ideas to society-namely, the evolutionary "survival of the fittest" |
Eugenics | literally meaning "well born" a pseudoscience that posutlates that controlling the fertility of populationas could influence inheritble traits pass on from gen to gen |
Nativism | the movement to protect and preserve indigenous land or culture from the allegedly dangerous and polluting effect on new immagrants |
One Drop Rule | the belief that one drop of black blood makes a persone black, a concept that evolved from US laws forbidding miscegenation |
Miscengation | interational marriage |
Racialization | the formation of a new racial identity by drawing ideologial boundaries of difference around a formerly unnoticed group of people |
Ethnicity | one's ethnic quality or affiliation, it is voluntary/self defined/nonhierarchal/fluid and multiple, based on cultural differences, not physical |
Symobolic Ethnicity | a nationality, not in the sense of carrying the rights and duties of citizenship but of identifying with a past of future nationality. For later generations of white ethnices, something not constrainig but easily expressed, with no risks of stigma and all |
Straight line Assimilation | Robert Park's 1920's universal and linear model for how immigrants assimilate: they first arrive, then settle in, and achieve full assimilation in a newly homogenous country |
Primordialism | Clifford Geertz's term to explain the strength of ethnic ties because they are fixed and deeply felt or primordial ties to one's homeland culture |
Pluralism | the presence and engaged coexistence of numberous distinct groups in one society |
Segregations | the legal or social practice of separating people on the basis of their race or ethnicity |
Genocide | the mass killing of a group of people based on racial, ethnic, or religious traits |
Subaltern | a subordinate group of people |
Collective Resistance | an organized effort to change a power hierarchy on the part of a less powerfull group in a society |
Prejudice | thoughts and feelings about an ethnic or racial group, which lead to preconceived notions and negative judgments about the group |
Discrimination | harmful or negative acts (not mere thoughts) against people deemed inferior on the basis of their racial category, without regard to their individual merit |
Color Blind Racism | the view that racial inequality is perpetuated by a supposedly color-blind stance that ends up reinfocing historical and contemporary inequities, disparate impact, and institutional bias by ignoring them in favor of a technically neutral approach |
Institutional Racism | institutions and social dynamics that may seem race neutral but actually disadvantage minority groups |