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Chemical Agents

BACT-250

TermDefinition
Phenol Disrupts plasma membrane. Rarely used, except as a standard of comparison. Phenol co-efficient: =1; works as well as phenol. <1; worse >1; better. Seldom used due to irritating qualities and smell
Phenolics Disrupts plasma membrane. Used on Environmental surfaces, instruments, skin surfaces and mucous membranes, Derivatives of phenol that are reactive even in the presence of organic material. O-phenylphenol is an example.
Biguanides (Chlorhexidine) Disrupts plasma membrane. Used for Skin, especially surgical scrubs. Bactericidal to gm+ and gm-, nontoxic, persistent
Halogens: Iodine inhibits protein function (bonds with tyrosines R group and disrupts the shape of protein molecules) An effectve antiseptic available as a tincture and iodophor
Halogens: Chlorine Forms the strong oxidizing agent hypochlorous acid, which alters cellular components. Cl gas is used to disinfect water, compounds used to disnfct dairy eqptmt, utensils, household items.
Iodine and Chlorine may act alone or as components of inorganic and organic compounds.
Alcohols protein denaturation and lipid dissolution. Used on thermometers and insturments; to clean the skin before injection. Bactericidal and fungicida, but not very effective against endospores or nonenveloped viruses.
Heavy Metals denaturation of essential proteins by combining with sulfhydryl (-SH) groups (Part of the R group of cystine. cant trigger methionine)
Silver Nitrate prevention of gonococcal eye infections
Mercurochrome orange-red disinfects skin and mucous membranes.
Copper Sulfate algicide. used in aquariums
Silver germicidal or antiseptic
Mercury germicidal or antiseptic but toxic
Lead germicidal or antiseptic but toxic
Soaps and Acid-Anionic detergents Mechanical removal by scrubbing.
Tricloban and Tricloson antimicrobials included in soaps. Banned from OTC products in 2016
Cationic Detergents/Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (Quats) Enzyme inhibition, protein denaturation AND disruption of plasma membranes. Antiseptic for skin (gm+), instruments, rubber goods. Bactericidal, bacteriostatic, fungicidal and virucidal against enveloped viruses. eg Zephiran and Cepacol
Zephiran Quat compound, protein denaturation and disruption of membranes Pink Lab cleaner
Cepacol Quat compound, protein denaturation and disruption of membranes Mouthwash
Benzalkonium Chloride quaternary ammonium compound
Sorbic Acid and Benzoic acid Metabolic Inhibition Organic acid to deter mold. effective at low pH.
Calcium Propopnate Metabolic Inhibition Organic acid antifungal in bread.
Parabens Metabolic Inhibition organic acid antifungal in cosmetics and shampoos
Glutaralehyde (Cidex) Protein denaturation. Less irritating than formaldehyde. Used for disinfection of medical equipment. Aldehydes are very effective antimicrobials
Ethylene Oxide Protein denaturation. (bond strain makes it reactive) Excellent sterilizing agent, esp for things that would be damaged by heat. Penetrates most materials
Peroxygens Oxidizing agents. Oxidation within the cell. Used on contaminated surfaces and some deep wounds, on which they are very effective against oxygen-sensitive anarobes.
Ozone widely used as a supplement for chlorination
Hydrogen peroxide a poor antiseptic but a good disinfectant. Paracetic acid is especially effective.
Created by: SonyaP
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