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U5 Vocab

U5 Cell Cycle and Cancer

Definition Term
Process of cellular reproduction, occurring in three main stages- interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis. Cell Cycle
First stage of the cell cycle, during which a cell grows, matures, and replicates DNA. Interphase
DNA-containing structure that carries genetic material from one generation to another. Chromosome
Twisted-ladder shape of DNA, formed by two nucleotide strands twisted around each other. Double Helix
A subunit of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. Nucleotide
Enzyme that catalyzes synthesis of new DNA molecule DNA Polymerase
Structure that contains identical DNA copies and is formed during DNA replication. Sister Chromatids
Cell structure that joins two sister chromatids. Centromere
The creation of two strands of DNA from a parental template DNA strand. Replication
The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell’s nucleus and nuclear material divide. Mitosis
First stage of mitosis, during which the cell’s chromatin condenses into chromosomes. Prophase
Second stage of mitosis in which motor proteins pull sister chromatids to the cell’s equator. Anaphase
Third stage of mitosis in which sister chromatids are pulled apart and microtubules, along with motor proteins, move the chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell. Metaphase
The last stage of mitosis in which nucleoli reappear. Two new nuclear membranes begin to form, but the cell has not yet completely divided. Telophase
Third main stage of the cell cycle, during which the cell’s cytoplasm divides creating a new cell Cytokinesis
Uncontrolled growth and division of cells that can be caused by changes in control of the cell cycle and also may be caused by environmental factors. Cancer
Created by: d.johnson-
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