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SPI Chapter 12
Two-Dimensional Imaging
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which two techniques are used only in specific clinical settings? | B-mode and M-mode |
| What shape of an active element does a mechanical transducer obtain? | single, circular, disc-shaped |
| How many active elements does a mechanical transducer have? | one |
| In a mechanical transducer, what is the shape of the active element? | a coin |
| With a mechanical transducer, what would the image shape be? | fan or sector shaped |
| What kind of beam steering does a mechanical transducer have? | mechanical |
| What kind of beam focusing does a mechanical transducer have? | mechanical, conventional, or fixed focusing |
| In a mechanical transducer, what two methods of fixed focusing are there? | internal and external focusing |
| What is internal focusing? | used with curved active element |
| What is external focusing? | used with acoustic lens |
| With a mechanical transducer, what happens when only a single element has been damaged? | the entire image is lost |
| How many active elements do array transducers have? | multiple active elements |
| What are elements? | an array comprised of a single slab of PZT cut into a collection of separate pieces |
| What is a channel? | combination if the active element, wire, and system electronics |
| What is the arrangement of a linear transducer? | arranged in a straight line |
| What is the arrangement of a annular transducer? | arranged as circular rings w/ common center (bulls eye) |
| What is the arrangement of a convex transducer? | arranged as a curved |
| What is phasing? | when the beam is steered and focuses using an electrical technique |
| In a linear phased array, what would the shape of the active element be? | rectangular footprint |
| How many active elements does a linear phased transducer have? | 100-300 elements |
| With a linear phased array transducer, what would the image shape be? | fan or sector shaped |
| What kind of beam steering does a linear phased array transducer have? | electronic |
| What kind of beam focusing does a linear phased array have? | electronic |
| In linear phased array, what happens when one element is damaged? | inconsistent beam steering and focusing |
| In a annular phased array, what would the shape of the active element be? | bulls-eye |
| How many active elements does a annular phased transducer have? | multiple ring shaped |
| What kind of beam steering does a annular phased array transducer have? | mechanical |
| What kind of beam focusing does a annular phased array have? | electronic w/ multifocal zone |
| With a annular phased array transducer, what would the image shape be? | fan or sector shaped |
| In annular phased array, what happens when one element is damaged? | only portion of the image lost |
| In a linear sequential array, what would the shape of the active element be? | rectangular-shaped strips |
| How many active elements does a linear sequential transducer have? | 120-250 |
| With a linear sequential array transducer, what would the image shape be? | rectangle/parallelogram shaped |
| What kind of beam steering does a linear sequential array transducer have? | electronic |
| What kind of beam focusing does a linear sequential array transducer have? | electronic |
| In linear sequential array, what happens when one element is damaged? | only a portion is damaged |
| How many active element does a convex, curved, or curvilinear transducer obtain? | 120-250 |
| What is the shape of an active element in a convex array transducer? | rectangular shape strips |
| What kind of beam steering does a convex array transducer have? | electronic, some but not all |
| What kind of beam focusing does a convex array transducer have? | electronically, curved spike like pattern |
| With a convex array transducer, what would the image shape be? | blunted sector shaped |
| In convex array, what happens when one element is damaged? | only portion of image is damaged |
| In a vector array, what would the shape of the active element be? | rectangular shape strips |
| How many active elements does a vector array transducer have? | 120-250 |
| What kind of beam steering does a vector array transducer have? | electronic |
| What kind of beam focusing does a convex array transducer have? | electronic |
| With a vector array transducer, what would the image shape be? | trapezoidal |
| What is resolution? | accuracy in imaging |
| What is elevational resolution or slice thickness? | contributes to image quality |
| How is slick thickness measured? | in a direction perpendicular to the imaging plane or above-to-below the imaging plane |
| Which transducer are disc-shaped found in? | mechanical and annular phased |
| What is a 2D array? | thousands of elements arranged in a checkerboard pattern that created 3D |
| What is 4D imaging? | real time 3D imaging |
| What is rendering? | creates image in 3D acquired during an ultrasound exam |
| What are side lobes? | sound energy that extend outside the main beam by a single element transducer |
| What degrades lateral resolution? | side lobes |
| What are grating lobes? | extra off-axis beams by an array transducer |
| What apodization? | reducing the strength of side and grating lobes |
| What is subdicing? | reduce grating lobes, a crystal divided into sub-elements |
| What is dynamic aperture? | make sound beam narrow to optimize lateral resolution |
Created by:
Lazacha
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