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SPI Chapter 5

Intensities

QuestionAnswer
What is intensity? a beam's power divided by its area
What are the 5 terms related to the intensities of pulsed waves? spatial, peak, average, temporal, pulsed
What is spatial? distance or space
What is peak? maximum value
What is average? middle value
What is temporal? time, transmit and receive
What is pulsed? only transmit time
Does an ultrasound beam have the same intensity at different depths or different side-to-side locations within the beam? No
What are the 2 spatial considerations? spatial peak intensity (Isp) and spatial average intensity (Isa)
What is spatial peak intensity (Isp)? the beam's intensity at the location where it is maximum
What is spatial average intensity (Isa)? the average intensity across the beam's entire cross-sectional area
Which on is always higher than the other, Isp or Isa? Isp
During pulsed ultrasound is the transducer receiving, then it is transmitting? Yes
What is temporal peak intensity (Itp)? measuring the intensity of the beam at the instant time of its maximum value
What is (Imax)? measuring the half cycle
What is pulse average intensity (Ipa)? pulse duration or the transmit time
What is temporal average Intensity (Ita)? PRP or both transmit and receive time
What are the 4 temporal considerations from largest to smallest intensities? Itp, Imax, Ipa, Ita
What is Isptp? measured at location where intensity is maximum and the time of the most powerful pulse passes
What is Isppa? measured at location where intensity is maximum and averaged over time (both transmit and receive times)
What is Isata? measured over entire cross-sectional area of sound beam and over all time
How many different methods to measure and report intensities are there? 6
What is the unit that all intensities have? W/cm^3
Intensities may be reported in various ways in respect to what? time and space
The different measurements of intensities are important in what study? bioeffects
Which intensity measurement id the most relevant intensity with respect to tissue heating? SPTA
Which intensity measurements have the highest value? SPTP
Which intensity measurements have the lowest value? SATA
What is beam uniformity coefficient? (also called SP/SA factor) a number that describes the spread of a beam in space, the SP/SA factor is unitless w/ value of 1 or greater
The duty factor describes... the relationship of beam intensities with time, it is unitless and has a value between 0 and 1
For continuous wave the beam is always "on" therefore... pulse average and temporal average intensities are the same, SPTA = SPPA and SATA = SAPA
When pulsed and continuous wave sound beams have the same STPT intensities, the continuous wave beam has which higher intensity? SPTA
When pulsed and continuous wave sound beams have the same SATP intensities, the continuous wave beam has which higher intensity? SATA
Rank the intensities from largest to smallest. SPTP, Imax, SPPA, SPTA, SATA
Created by: Lazacha
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