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Unit 6 & 7

Volcanoes Notes

TermDefinition
volcano any place where gas, ash, or melted rock come out of the ground.
Magma melted rock.
Lava magma that has reached the Earth’s surface.
vent the opening of a volcano.
Viscosity the resistance of a liquid material to flow.
Pyroclastic materials hot ash and bits of rock.
fissure a giant crack in the Earth’s surface.
Fissure eruptions happen when lava flows from fissures.
lava plateau a thick, mostly flattened layer of cooled lava on the surface of the Earth.
volcanic crater an opening or depression at the top of a volcano caused by eruptions.
magma chamber an expanded area of magma inside of a volcano.
caldera a large basin-shaped depression left after an empty magma chamber collapses.
Tectonic plates are giant sections of lithosphere on earth’s surface.
hot spot a location where a mantle plume rises through the asthenosphere.
mantle plume a column of extremely hot mantle rock.
Ring of Fire a name used to describe the numerous explosive volcanoes that form on convergent plate boundaries surrounding the Pacific Ocean.
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