Volcanoes Notes
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| volcano | any place where gas, ash, or melted rock come out of the ground.
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| Magma | melted rock.
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| Lava | magma that has reached the Earth’s surface.
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| vent | the opening of a volcano.
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| Viscosity | the resistance of a liquid material to flow.
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| Pyroclastic materials | hot ash and bits of rock.
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| fissure | a giant crack in the Earth’s surface.
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| Fissure eruptions | happen when lava flows from fissures.
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| lava plateau | a thick, mostly flattened layer of cooled lava on the surface of the Earth.
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| volcanic crater | an opening or depression at the top of a volcano caused by eruptions.
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| magma chamber | an expanded area of magma inside of a volcano.
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| caldera | a large basin-shaped depression left after an empty magma chamber collapses.
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| Tectonic plates | are giant sections of lithosphere on earth’s surface.
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| hot spot | a location where a mantle plume rises through the asthenosphere.
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| mantle plume | a column of extremely hot mantle rock.
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| Ring of Fire | a name used to describe the numerous explosive volcanoes that form on convergent plate boundaries surrounding the Pacific Ocean.
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