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9th grd Biomolecules

QuestionAnswer
macromolecule large molecule formed by joining smaller organic molecules together
nucleic acid complex macromolecule that stores and communicates genetic information
carbohydrate organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ration of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom
polymer large molecule formed from smaller repeating units of identical, or nearly identical monomers, that are linked by covalent bonds
covalent bond chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms
starch a complex monosaccharide made up of a large number of glucose units joined together
cellulose a polysaccharide consisting of chains of glucose -also an insoluble substance made up of plant cell walls and fibers
glycogen a polysaccharide which forms glucose -and a substance deposited in bodily tissues as carbohydrates
lipid hydrophobic biological molecule composed of mostly carbon and hydrogen (fats, oils and waxes are lipids)
hydrophobic tending to repel or fail to mix with water
triglyceride the main constituents of natural fats and oils
trans fat an unhealthy substance that is made through the chemical process of hydrogenation of oils
phospholipid bilayer plasma membrane layers composed of phospholipid molecules arranged with polar heads facing the outside and nonpolar heads facing the inside
hydrophilic has a strong affinity (love) of water
bilayer a structure composed of two molecular layers especially of phospholipids in cellular membranes
steroid any of a large group of fat-soluble organic compounds
protein organic compound made of amino acids joined by peptide bonds-primary building block of organisms
enzyme protein that speeds up a biological reaction by lowering the activation energy needed to start the reaction
substrate reactant to which an enzyme binds
product substance formed by a chemical reaction
denaturation to treat by chemical or physical means so its original state is altered
organic compound carbon based substance that is the basis of living matter
Created by: kimbetcher
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